A & P: Unit 1 Exam

Physiology

The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function

Anatomy

The study of the shape and structure of body parts

Homeostasis

The tendency of the body’s systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment

Metabolism

The term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body

Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes

Urinary

Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland

Endocrine

Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act

Skeletal

Protects underlying organs from drying out and mechanical damage

Integumentary

Includes the heart

Cardiovascular

Protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells

Lymphatic/Immune

Breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed

Digestive

Removes carbon dioxide from the blood

Respiratory

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues

Cardiovasular

Moves the limbs; allows facial expression

Muscular

Conserves body water or eliminates excesses

Urinary

Provides for conception and childbearing

Reproductive

Controls the body with chemicals called hormones

Endocrine

Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn

Integumentary

Blood vessels, heart

Cardiovascular

Pancreas, pituitary gland, adrenal gland

Endocrine

Kidneys, bladder, ureters

Urinary

Testis, vas deferens, urethra

Reproductive

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum

Digestive

Breastbone, vertebral column, skull

Skeletal

Brain, nerves, sensory receptors

Nervous

Keeps the body’s internal environment distinct from the external environment

Maintenance of Boundaries

Provides new cells for growth and repair

Reproduction

Occurs when constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive activities

Growth

The tuna sandwich you have just eaten is broken down to its chemical building blocks

Digestion

Elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs and elimination of nitrogenous wastes by the kidneys

Excretion

Ability to react to stimuli; a major role of the nervous system

Responsiveness

Walking, throwing a ball, riding a bicycle

Movement

All chemical reactions occurring in the body

Metabolism

At the cellular level, membranes; for the whole organism, the skin

Maintenance of Boundaries

Includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals

Nutrients

Essential for normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing

Atmospheric Pressure

Single substance accounting for over 60% of body weight

Water

Required for the release of energy from foodstuffs

Oxygen

Provides the basis for body fluids of all types

Water

When too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional

Appropriate body temperature

Armpit

Axillary

Thigh region

Femoral

Buttock area

Gluteal

Neck region

Cervical

“Belly button” area

Umbilical

Genital area

Pubic

Anterior aspect of elbow

Antecubital

Posterior aspect of head

Occipital

Area where trunk meets thigh

Inguinal

Back area from ribs to hips

Scapular

Pertaining to the cheek

Buccal

Removal of the uterus, womb

Ventral, Pelvic

Coronary bypass surgery (heart surgery)

Ventral, Thoracic

Removal of a serious brain tumor

Dorsal, cranial

A stomach ulcer operation

Ventral, Abdominal

Stomach

Abdominopelvic

Small intestine

Abdominopelvic

Large intestine

Abdominopelvic

Spleen

Abdominopelvic

Liver

Abdominopelvic

Spinal cord

Spinal

Bladder

Abdominopelvic

Trachea

Thoracic

Lungs

Thoracic

Pituitary gland

Cranial

Rectum

Abdominopelvic

Ovaries

Abdominopelvic

Forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes

Epithelium

Allows for organ movements within the body

Muscle

Transmits electrochemical impulses

Nervous

Supports body organs

Connective

Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances

Epithelium

Basis of the major controlling system of the body

Nervous

The cells of this tissue shorten to exert force

Muscle

Forms hormones

Epirthelium

Packages and protects body organs

Connective

Characterized by having large amounts of nonliving amounts nonliving matrix

Connective

Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow

Muscle

Most widely distributed tissue type in the body

Connective

Forms the brain and spinal cord

Nervous

Lines the esophagus and forms the skin epidermis

stratified squamous

Forms the lining of the stomach and small intestine

simple columnar

Best suited for areas subjected to friction

stratified squamous

Lines much of the respiratory tract

pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)

Propels substance (e.g., mucus) across its substance

pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)

Found in the bladder lining; peculiar cells that slide over one another

transitional

Forms thin serous membranes; a single layer of flatenned cells

simple squamous

Voluntarily controlled

Skeletal

Involuntarily controlled

Cardiac, smooth

Banded appearance

Skeletal

Single nucleus in each cell

Cardiac, smooth

Multinucleate

Skeletal

Found attached to bones

Skeletal

Allows you to direct your eyeballs

Skeletal

Found in the walls of stomach, uterus, and arteries

Smooth

Contains spindle-shaped cells

Smooth

Contains cylindrical cells with branching ends

Skeletal

Contains long, nonbranching cylindrical cells

Skeletal

Displays intercalated disks

Cardiac

Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole

Cardiac