Physics P1- distance and displacement 🏃‍♀️

what digits are significant?

1.any number from 1-9

2. sandwiched zeros

3.trailing zeros

what digits are not significant?

1.leading zeros only

any counted number has…

an infinite amount of sig digs (due to the decimals)

when rounding and the digit is 4 or less, what do you do?

round down

when rounding and the digit is 5 or greater, what do you do?

round up

what is scientific notation?

a way of expressing very large or very small numbers

what is the basic way of writing sci notation?

a.bc x 10^d

a= any non zero digit

b+c= any # of digits from 0-9 (rounded sig digs)

d=exponent/# of decimal places moved

what are the sig dig rules with addition and subtraction?

answer must have the same # of digits after the decimal as the fewest # given in the question

ex, 12.526 + 1.4 = 13.9

what are the sig dig rules with multiplication and division?

keep the least number of total sig digs given in the question

ex, 12.323 + 1.21 = 14.9

what is the definition of kinematics?

• the study of the motion of objects

• uses words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations

• helps us describe and explain the motion of real world objects

what is a scalar quantity?

a measurement showing magnitude (size) only

ex, 5 meters, 20 degrees celsius

what is a vector quantity?

a measurement showing both magnitude (size) and direction

ex, 30 m/s east, 5 km north

what is distance?

• a straight line between 2 points

• aka the length of the path travelled from 1 point to another

• a scaler quantity

what is displacement?

• the difference from where you end vs where you started

• a vector quantity

what does the Δ symbol mean?

• it is called delta

• means “change in” aka final pos-initial pos

what is position?

• where an object is located at a certain time

• typically used interchangeably with displacement

what is the formula

what is the formula for displacement

for displacement?

displacement=final pos - initial pos

what is speed?

• a scaler quantity

• the distance traveled in a certain amount of time

what is velocity?

• a vector quantity

• the displacement of an object in a certain amount of time

what is uniform motion?

movement with constant speed/velocity (0 acceleration)

is time scaler or vector?

scaler

what is the formulas for speed

(speed is v, not s)

what is the fomulas for velocity

(velocity is v with hat, not s)

what are the advantages to using graphs for analyzing motion

1. shows the relationships between variables

2. helps describe motion observed

how to find slope

slope= y2-y1/x2-x1

what does the slope of a distance time graph represent?

how quickly/ slowly an object moves over a period of time (aka the speed)

what does the slope of a speed time graph represent?

the acceleration of an object over time

how do you determine the area under the line on the graph?

1. choose 2 points on the line

2. draw lines down from the line to the x-axis, making a rectangle

3. use the formula for area (L X W)

4. use b x h / 2 for the triangle ontop

what does the area underneath the line on a velocity time graph represent?

the total displacement of the object during the specific time interval

if the line of best fit is straight and has a positive slope on a distance time graph…

there is a direct relationship

if the line of best fit has a steeper slope on a distance time graph…

the object is traveling faster

if the line of best fit has a less steep slope on a distance time graph…

the object is travelling slower

a horizontal best fit line on a distance time graph indicates…

the object is at rest

a curved best fit line on a distance time graph indicates…

accelerated motion

if the line of best fit is straight and has a positive slope on a speed time graph…

there is a direct relation to speed+time (basically accelerating at a constant rate)

if the line of best fit is straight and has a negative slope on a speed time graph…

the object is slowing down (deceleration)

a horizontal best fit line on a speed time graph indicates…

uniform motion

what is the difference between a distance time graph and displacement time graph?

the first is scaler and the second is vector (shows direction)

what is the difference between a speed time graph and velocity time graph?

the first is scaler and the second is vector (shows direction)

what is acceleration?

the change in speed or velocity of an object over a period of time

the changes can take two forms : an increase in S/V or a change in objects direction

what is the formula for acceleration?

acceleration is given a positive sign unless…

• its decreasing (deceleration)

• its moving in a negative direction (backwards, down, left)

the direction of acceleration is the same as…

the direction of the change in the velocity

what is the value of acceleration due to gravity?

-9.81 m/s²

how do you find total velocity?

= final velocity - initial velocity

how do you find final velocity?

= change in velocity + initial velocity