Fluids & electrolytes ATI glossary

_______ ______ The homeostasis of acidic and basic (alkaline) compounds in the blood to maintain a blood pH of between 7.35 and 7.45.

acid–base balance

______ Levels of acid in the blood are too high, a pH of less than 7.35.

Acidosis

______ _______ The movement of electrolytes or molecules across a cell membrane with the use of energy in the form of enzymes.

active transport

___ ____Obstruction of a vessel by air.

air embolism

______ The blood is too alkaline, a pH of greater than 7.45.

alkalosis

_____ _____ A hormone excreted by the hypothalamus in the brain that maintains blood pressure and fluid volume. Also known as vasopressin.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

_______

Substance that can trigger an immune response if foreign in the body.

antigens

_____

Destruction of a cell.

Apoptosis

______

heart rhythm.

arrhythmias

_____ _____ ____

A blood test that provides information regarding electrolyte and fluid balance and includes information regarding renal function and glucose levels.

basic metabolic panel (BMP)

______ _____ ____ ___

Device inserted in the body through a central vein such as the subclavian or jugular and allows administration of fluids, blood, medications, and other therapies.

central venous access devices (CVADs)

____ ___

Test which may indicate low calcium or magnesium levels. A positive result results in a twitching response of the side of the face when facial nerves are tapped.

Chvostek sign

______ _____

A complication of IV therapy in which too much fluid is administered too quickly.

circulatory overload

______ _____

Intravenous solutions that contain large molecules unable to pass through capillary membranes.

colloidal solutions

_____ ____ ____

blood test that provides information regarding electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to those findings included in the BMP, the CMP also includes information regarding the body's metabolism, including protein and liver function.

complete metabolic panel (CMP)

______

Reflection of renal function; a byproduct of skeletal muscle contractions (creatine), which is then excreted through the urine.

creatinine (CR)

______

Excess water loss without a loss of sodium.

dehydration

______

Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

diffusion

_____

A category of medications that cause increased urination.

diuretics

_____

Swelling due to excess fluid.

edema

_______

A test to check heart activity including heart rate and rhythm.

electrocardiogram (ECG)

______

Minerals in the body that conduct electricity.

electrolytes

________ ____

The space outside the cell that includes the interstitial and intravascular areas.

extracellular space

_________

Inadvertent administration of a vesicant fluid into tissues surrounding an intravenous cannula.

extravasation

______ ____

Rate at which fluids are being infused intravenously.

flow rate

_____ ____ ____

A condition caused by the loss of water; also referred to as hypovolemia.

fluid volume deficit

_________

Removing components of plasma for use.

fractionation

________

A type of white blood cell responsible for immune responses during infections and allergic reactions that is comprised of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Granulocytes

__________

A measure of RBCs in total blood volume.

hematocrit

___________

Process of filtering waste from the blood using a machine.

hemodialysis

_______

A component of the red blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells.

hemoglobin

_______

Anticoagulant agent.

heparin

_________

A state of equilibrium.

homeostasis

___________

Calcium level above expected reference range of __ to __ mg/dL (total calcium).

Hypercalcemia

Calcium level above expected reference range of 9 to 10.5 mg/dL (total calcium).

________

Potassium level above expected reference range of ___ to __ mEq/L.

hyperkalemia

Potassium level above expected reference range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L.

____________

Magnesium level above expected reference range of __ to __ mEq/L.

hypermagnesemia

Magnesium level above expected reference range of 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L.

___________

Sodium level above expected reference range of ___ to ___ mEq/L.

hypernatremia

Sodium level above expected reference range of 136 to 145 mEq/L.

______________

Overactive parathyroid gland.

hyperparathyroidism

_______

A solution that has more solutes than are present within the cell and results in fluid movement out of the cell.

hypertonic

____________ An increase in the rate and depth of breathign that leads to excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the blood.

hyperventilation

________

Fluid overload, the body has too much water.

hypervolemia

_________

Calcium level below expected reference range of __ to __ mg/dL (total calcium).

hypocalcemia

Calcium level below expected reference range of 9 to 10.5 mg/dL (total calcium).

__________

A blood glucose level below the expected reference range (less than __ mg/dl.

hypoglycemia

A blood glucose level below the expected reference range (less than 70mg/dl.

_________

Potassium level below expected reference range of __ to __ mEq/L.

hypokalemia

Potassium level below expected reference range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L.

____________

Magnesium level below expected reference range of ___ to ___ mEq/L.

hypomagnesemia

Magnesium level below expected reference range of 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L.

____________

Sodium level below expected reference range of __ to __ mEq/L.

hyponatremia

Sodium level below expected reference range of 136 to 145 mEq/L.

_________

Body produces low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

hypoparathyroidism

_______

A blood pressure that is below the expected reference range systolic (__-__mmhg) diastolic (__-__mmhg)

hypotension

A blood pressure that is below the expected reference range systolic (90-120mmhg) diastolic (60-90mmhg)

___________

A solution that has fewer solutes than cell components and results in fluid moving into the cell.

hypotonic

___________

Decrease in blood volume due to body fluid or blood loss.

hypovolemia

__________ ____

When the body loses 20 percent or one-fifth of its blood or fluid supply.

hypovolemic shock

_________

The inadvertent administration of fluid into the tissue surrounding an IV site due to displacement of the intravenous catheter tip.

infiltration

_________

The solution being infused through an intravenous access device.

infusate

______ Amount taken in by the client, including oral, intravenous, and enteral routes, in addition to irrigation.

intake

________ _____

The space outside the cells; a component of the extracellular space.

interstitial space

_________ _____

The space within a cell.

intracellular space

___________

The space within the vascular system including within the chambers of the heart, the arteries, and veins.

intravascular

______ _____ ____

Circulating calcium within the blood that is not attached to proteins.

ionized calcium level

________

A solution that has the same number of solutes than cell components and results in no fluid movement into or our of the cell.

isotonic

______ ______

The inability of the kidneys to function properly and remove waste from the body.

kidney failure

__________

Electrolyte that helps with regulation of nerve and muscle function, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, and making DNA, protein, and bone.

magnesium

________ ______

When the blood in the body is too acidic, with an HCO3- less than ___ and a pH less than __.

metabolic acidosis

When the blood in the body is too acidic, with an HCO3- less than 22 and a pH less than 7.35.

_____ ______

Blood in the body is too alkaline, with an HCO3- greater than 26 and a pH greater than 7.45.

metabolic alkalosis

Blood in the body is too alkaline, with an HCO3- greater than 26 and a pH greater than 7.45.

________

A measurement of the solutes within a solution.

osmolality

_______

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, such as fluid moving into or out of a cell, in an effort to maintain homeostasis.

osmosis

________

Low bone mass.

osteopenia

_______

The amount produced and eliminated by the client's body, including urine, vomitus, drainage, and liquid stools.

output

_______

Loss of muscle function.

paralysis

________ _____

A cessation of intestinal motility.

paralytic ileus

_______ _______

Hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates serum calcium concentration.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

_______ ______ _____

Single-lumen plastic cannulas inserted into a peripheral vein, also known as peripheral venous access device or peripheral IV.

peripheral intravenous catheters

_____ _____ ___ ____ Device inserted peripherally through a vein in the arm with the tip centrally located to administer fluids, blood, medications, and other therapies.

peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs)

_______

Inflammation of the inner lining of the vein, the tunica intima, caused by mechanical, chemical, or bacterial factors.

phlebitis

_______

Straw-colored liquid portion of blood containing water, proteins, salts, and antibodies.

plasma

________ Electrolyte for nerve and muscle function, especially for the heart.

potassium

_________-____ ______

A medication that promotes the excretion of urine while retaining potassium.

potassium-sparing diuretic

________

Process of restoring lost water back into the body tissues and fluids either orally or through the administration of intravenous fluids.

rehydration

_____

Medication taken to decrease potassium levels via bowel movements.

resin

__________

Muscle breakdown resulting in the release of the protein myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can cause damage to the kidneys. Characterized by red-colored urine, low urine output, weakness, and muscle pain.

rhabdomyolysis

_____ __ _____

Sets forth the services or activities that licensed professionals are deemed competent and permitted to perform.

Sets forth the services or activities that licensed professionals are deemed competent and permitted to perform.

*_______

Electrolyte that supports the function of nerves and muscles, maintains normal blood pressure, and regulates fluid balance in the body.

sodium

*_____ _____

Movement of fluid from the intravascular space (within the veins) to the interstitial space.

third spacing

_____ ______

Mechanism used to promote water consumption.

thirst response

___________ Also known as platelets; responsible for blood clotting.

thrombocytes

_______

A solution's ability to make water move in our out of cells; includes isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.

tonicity

* _______ ____

Test that can indicate low calcium or magnesium levels and spasms in the wrist and hand (carpopedal spasms) when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above the systolic blood pressure.

Trousseau sign

______ ______ ____

A test that measures the solutes in a sample of urine and provides information regarding the body's fluid balance. The expected reference range of urine specific gravity is ___ to ___.

urine specific gravity

A test that measures the solutes in a sample of urine and provides information regarding the body's fluid balance. The expected reference range of urine specific gravity is 1.005 to 1.030.

________

A hormone excreted by the hypothalamus in the brain that maintains blood pressure and fluid volume. Also knows as antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

vasopressin

_________

An intravenous fluid that is damaging to the surrounding tissue outside the vein.

vesicants