Division 2 Exam: EMC

Which organs and structures are protected by the pelvis?

the reproductive organs and the organs in the lower abdominal cavity

You should be MOST suspicious of a hip dislocation if the:

hip joint is locked and the leg is internally rotated

Muscles are attached to bones by:

tendons

After you have manually stabilized a conscious patient's head and neck, it is important to:

maintain support until the entire spine is fully immobilized.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

receiving signals from the brain

Following a motorcycle crash, a 29-year-old man has pain and deformity to both of his femurs. He is conscious but confused, and his vital signs indicate shock. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are en route to the scene. You should

secure his legs together with cravats.

You should not move a patient with a possible spinal injury unless

you and the patient are in an unsafe environment.

The BEST indicator of an underlying fracture or dislocation is

point tenderness

The five sections of the spine, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

When examining and treating patients with musculoskeletal injuries, it is MOST important to:

use appropriate standard precautions.

In addition to maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation, the MOST important aspect to consider when caring for a patient who has fainted as the result of psychogenic shock is:

assessing the patient for any injuries that may have occurred

Oxygen benefits the shock patient because it:

saturates the reduced number of red blood cells.

Compared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound

is usually larger.

The pulse is a pressure wave generated through the body's arteries when the __________ contracts

left ventricle

You are attempting to control severe bleeding from a laceration behind a patient's knee. You have applied direct pressure to the wound and elevated the leg, but it continues to bleed severely. You should

apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee.

A contusion is also known as a bruise and is an injury that occurs when:

blood vessels beneath the skin are broken.

When treating a patient with an electrical burn, it is important to remember that

electricity causes major internal damage rather than external damage

When treating a patient with major soft-tissue trauma to the neck, you should:

maintain the airway and stabilize the head and neck

Characteristics of a third-degree burn include all of the following, EXCEPT

uncontrolled intense pain

A young boy has what appears to be a small laceration to his eyeball after his sister threw a toy at him. The child is crying but is surprisingly cooperative. You should:

cover both eyes with moist gauze pads, have the patient sit up, and arrange for prompt transport.

Which of the following people would be LEAST likely to experience a heat-related illness?

a 30-year-old man who is slightly overweight

The skin of a patient with deep frostbite is MOST commonly:

white and waxy

Which of the following represents the safest approach when attempting to rescue a person from the water?

Reach, throw, row, and go.

The MOST important initial treatment for a patient with heatstroke is

moving the patient to a cooler place

In general, a hypothermic patient should not be considered dead until:

he or she is rewarmed at an appropriate hospital

Which of the following statements regarding lightning injuries is correct

Burns caused by lightning are mainly internal and may not be visible right after the injury occurs

The initial stage of drowning usually involves

panic

Which of the following statements regarding heat exhaustion is correct?

Patients experiencing heat exhaustion usually have a normal body temperature

Frostnip is also known as

superficial frostbite

Heatstroke is MOST accurately defined as a condition in which

the body's sweating mechanism is overwhelmed

In addition to ensuring your own safety, the first step in treating a patient who has absorbed a poisonous substance is to:

ensure that the patient is no longer in contact with the substance.

Which of the following statements regarding snake bites is correct?

A snake's venom may affect the entire body.

A 60-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of tearing abdominal pain and pain in his shoulder. He has a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. The patient is conscious and alert, but is very anxious. You should

gently place him in a comfortable position

Cardiac arrest following a heart attack is MOST likely to occur if the

area of heart muscle supplied by the blocked artery is large.

You respond to a nursing home for an elderly woman with difficulty breathing. When you enter the patient's room, you find her lying in bed. She has dried blood around her mouth and is making a gurgling sound when she breathes. A staff nurse tells you that the patient has a history of high blood pressure and two heart attacks. Responding paramedics are en route. What should you do first?

Place the patient in a sitting position

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when:

one or more layers of the aorta become weakened

When opening the airway of an unconscious injured patient, you should:

use the jaw-thrust maneuver

With assessment-based care, treatment rendered to the patient is based on:

the patient's symptoms

Which of the following statements regarding assessment of a patient's extremities is FALSE?

Ask the patient to move a limb only if it appears to be injured

When inspecting an injured limb, you should FIRST:

gently cut away any clothing covering the limb

Which of the following splints can be molded to the shape of a severely deformed limb to splint it in the position found?

SAM or padded wire ladder splints

The ulna is located:

on the side of the little finger

If a patient appears to be in shock or is unconscious, you should attempt to locate the __________ first

carotid pulse

All of the following types of shock are caused by capillary expansion, EXCEPT

cardiogenic shock

You are providing initial care to a patient who you believe has heatstroke. The patient, a 33-year-old woman, is semiconscious and has flushed, hot, dry skin. After moving her to a cooler environment and maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

remove her clothes to the underwear and begin rapid cooling measures

All of the following factors increase the risk for violence in the workplace, EXCEPT:

working in large numbers

When dealing with a patient who is exhibiting abnormal behavior, your initial action should be to

conduct a careful size-up of the scene

The MOST effective way to slow the spread of an injected poison throughout the body is to:

keep the patient quiet and still

Which of the following statements regarding a stroke is correct?

Stroke patients who appear to be unconscious may be able to hear

The scene size-up and general impression of the patient will MOST likely help you:

determine whether the patient has experienced trauma or illness