UAB IS321 Chapter 13 Final Thompson

What is architecture?

According to Merriam-Webster, architecture is the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

What is the primary role of architecture in modeling organizational systems?

To model systems as a whole in advance to reduce complexity and the harmful impact of high complexity.

How does Fowler define software architecture?

It is a set of decisions that are both important and difficult to change after the initial decision is made.

What are the four dimensions of enterprise architecture based on the TOGAF model?

Business Architecture, Data Architecture, Application Architecture, and Technology Architecture.

What group took over the TOGAF framework in 2005?

The Open Group.

What does the acronym ADM stand for within the TOGAF framework?

Architecture Development Model.

What is the key difference between functional and nonfunctional requirements?

Functional requirements specify what the system should do, while nonfunctional requirements define the context and constraints for those functions.

What does FURPS+ stand for?

Functional, Usability, Reliability, Performance, and Supportability.

In the FURPS+ model, what does the 'U' represent?

Usability.

In the FURPS+ model, what does the 'R' represent?

Reliability.

In the FURPS+ model, what does the 'P' represent?

Performance.

In the FURPS+ model, what does the 'S' represent?

Supportability.

What critical requirements element crosses all boundaries of the FURPS+ model?

Security.

How do architectural decisions relate to a system's ability to meet nonfunctional requirements?

Architectural decisions significantly affect the system's ability to meet all nonfunctional requirements.

What are the six high-level component categories of Technology Architecture?

Client devices, servers, operating systems, systems software, application software, and network devices.

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical scaling?

Horizontal scaling increases the number of computing units, while vertical scaling increases the capacity of existing units.

In a two-tiered client/server model, what are the two main components?

The Client (Presentation Layer/View) and the Server (Business Logic, Data Access, Data Storage).

How does a three-tiered client/server model differ from a two-tiered model?

It separates the Business Logic Layer onto a dedicated Application Server, distinct from the Client and the Database.

In a three-tiered architecture, which server is primarily responsible for the Business Logic Layer?

The Application Server.

What is the definition of data architecture according to TOGAF?

It describes the structure of an organization's logical and physical data assets and data management resources.

What other critical component does data architecture include besides data assets and resources?

Data governance, which covers data quality, ownership, consistency, and security.

What is the purpose of a data lake in an organizational data architecture?

To store unstructured data from internal and external sources.

What is the purpose of an Application/Data Matrix?

To show which applications use which data entities.

Describe the key characteristic of a monolithic software architecture.

The UI, Business Logic, and Data Access components are tightly coupled and deployed as a single unit.

What is the central component in a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)?

The Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).

How does a microservices architecture differ from monolithic and SOA architectures in terms of data management?

Each microservice typically manages its own database, promoting decentralized data management.

What principle of microservices allows teams to choose the best tools for their specific needs?

Decentralized governance.

What microservices principle advocates for building systems that can handle and recover from component failures?

Design for failure.

Which cloud computing model provides fundamental resources like processing power and file storage?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

Which cloud computing model builds on IaaS by adding system software?

Platform as a Service (PaaS).

Which cloud computing model provides a complete application managed by the provider over the internet?

Software as a Service (SaaS).

What does the 'Tolerate' quadrant in the TIME matrix suggest?

The application has high technical condition but low business value, so it should be maintained but not receive significant investment.

In the TIME matrix, an application with high business value and high technical condition falls into which quadrant?

The 'Invest' quadrant.

What action is recommended for an application in the 'Migrate' quadrant of the TIME matrix?

It should be migrated to a better platform or technology.

An application with low business value and low technical condition falls into which quadrant of the TIME matrix?

The 'Eliminate' quadrant.

What is the primary purpose of the Zachman Framework?

To serve as a well-known mechanism or taxonomy for organizing enterprise architecture artifacts.

What are the five actor roles identified in the Zachman Framework?

Planner, Owner, Designer, Builder, and Subcontractor.

What are the six focus areas (interrogatives) of the Zachman Framework?

Data (What), Function (How), Network (Where), People (Who), Time (When), and Motivation (Why).

In the Zachman Framework, which actor role corresponds to the 'Enterprise Model'?

The Owner.

In the Zachman Framework, which actor role corresponds to the 'System Model'?

The Designer.

What type of artifact would a Planner create for the 'Data (What)' focus area in the Zachman Framework?

A list of things important to the business.

In the Zachman Framework, a use case diagram would be an artifact created by the Designer for which focus area?

Function (How).

A detailed network design diagram is an artifact from which perspective in the Zachman Framework?

The Builder perspective for the Network (Where) column.

What is the ability of an organization to rely on computing resources provided as a service over the public internet known as?

Cloud-based services.

What architectural pattern is characterized by intelligent endpoints and simple communication channels?

Microservices.

What is an application architecture diagram?

A diagram used to describe and analyze the footprints of and associations between various applications.