Alturism #1

What does Altruism mean?

Desire to increase another persons Welfare w/o any benefit in return

Kitty Genovese

• her attack case spike the literature for alturism

• “no one helped her” and people wnated to know why

• but in reality people did try to help

What is Bystander Effect?

A person is less likely to provide help when other bystanders r present

Darley & Latane (1968) Expiriment #1 what did they do?

1. Discussion of student Life (on speaker)

2. Speaker pretended like he was having a seizure

3. three conditions of participants

   1. the only bystander

   2. one of the two bystandards

   3. one of the 3 bystanderds

4. Who is most likely to help the classroom with 3 or 1 person?

Darley & Latane (1968) Expiriment #1 Results

The room with 1 bystandard had the highest rate of trying to help of 85% compared to the room with 3 people had a 31% rate

• diffusion of responsibility

What is diffusion of Responsibility?

When people think they aren’t responsible to help because someone else is present

Wjen do people help: Darley & Latane 5 step model what are the 5 steps?

1. Does the person notice the incident?

2. Does the person interpret the situation as an emergency?

3. Does the person assume responsibility for helping?

4. Does the Person have the ability to help?

5. Does the person decide to provide help?

Step 1:Does the person notice the incident? —> what are the obstacles?

• distraction

• being self concious

Darley & Latane Princeton Talk Experiment #2 what was done?

1. asked princeton seminar students to walk to another building for another task —> for a talk about helping people

2. there were 3 conditions

   1. Ahead of schedule —> 63% help

   2. on time —> 45% help

   3. behind schedule —> 10% help

3. passed a confederate who was slumped in a doorway,coughing & groaning would they help?

Darley & Latane Princeton Talk Experiment #2 results

The people who were late walked over the guy not helping him

Step 2: Does the person interpret the situation as an emergency? —> what are the obstacles

• Ambiguity

• Plurastic ignorance

• relationship between attacker and victim

What is Plurastic ignorance?

tendency for people to assume nothing is wrong when others aren’t reacting.

Latane & Darley (1970) white smoke through vents Expiriment #3

1. placed in a room,filling out questionairs'

2. white smoke starting to come out through the vents

3. 3 conditions

   1. Alone —> 1 saw it

   2. 3 Naive subjects

   3. 2 passive confederates

Latane & Darley (1970) white smoke through vents Expiriment #3 Results

The more people there r the less likely for somone to help

Step 3:Does the person assume responsibility for helping? —> What are the obstacle

Diffusion of Responsibility/bystander effect: When there are numerous people present during a situation someone would step up to help

Step 4:Does the Person have the ability to help? (Knowledge,skill,training) —> What are the obstacles

• Lack of competence: U think someone is better qualified to help

Step 5:Does the person decide to provide help? —> What are the obstacles to this

1. Audience inhibition: deciding not to help out of fear that they would look like a fool

2. Cost exceeed reward

   1. Practical costs'

   2. emotional cost

What is Social Exchange Theory?

Human interactions are transactional that aim to maximize ones rewards and minimize ones cost

Other factors that predict helping

Levine et all Expiriment about helping in 36 citioes in US

expiriment is just confederate doing stuff to see if people help out

Levine et all Experiment about helping in 36 cities in US results of who’s in top

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