chem vocab 4/17/25

Standard Temperature

For a gas with a temperature of 0 degrees C and the pressure of 1 atmosphere.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Explains that the behavior of physical systems depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system.

Ideal Gas

An imaginary gas whose particles are infinitely small and do not interact with each other.

Ideal Gas Law

The law that states the mathematical relationship of PV = nRT.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.

Effusion

The passage of a gas under pressure through a tiny opening.

Graham’s Law of diffusion

States that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s density.

Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes

States that the volume of gases involved in a chemical change can be represented by the ratio of small whole numbers.

Partial Pressure

The pressure of each gas in a mixture.

Dalton’s Law of partial pressure

States that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

Boyle’s Law

States that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the volume increases as the pressure decreases and vice versa.

Charles’ Law

States that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume increases as the temperature increases and vice versa.

Gay-Lussac’s Law

States that the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Avogadro’s Law

States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

Pascal

The SI unit of pressure.

Pressure

The amount of force exerted per unit area.

Newton

The SI unit for force.