APUSH Period 2 1607-1754

Spanish Goals

Mainly Religious & Economic Motives

Tight control, sought wealth for gold & silver, later sugar & tobacco

Conversions to Christianity

Dutch and French Goals

Economic/Trading Motives

Fewer settlers, trade alliances, intermarried even for fur trades 

Few converts

Religious Freedom (Puritans & Seperatists)

British Goals

Did NOT want anything to do with natives

Settled for Social Mobility

Heavy reliance on agriculture for cash crops, hostile relationships with natives

Atlantic Trade

Cause by a lack of indentured servants

Demand for goods

Desire for more lands

Passive forms of resistance (breaking tools)

New England

Puritans, longer life expectancy, mixed economy (agriculture & trade)

Plymouth Colony (Mayflower Compact), New Hampshire (Political independence from Masachusetts)

Massachusetts Bay Colony ( Family based), Rhode Island (Religious Dissenters)

Middle Colonies

Diverse, Mix of agriculture & trade, Religious Tolerance

Sea Ports & Fertile soil

Pennsylvania- (William Penn) Refuge for Quakers / Religious dissenters, diverse population

New York ( Duke of York granted land), New Jersey (Split from NY, Freedom of religion)

Delaware - Part of Pennsylvania, became seperate by 1704

Chesapeake & Northern Carolina Colonies

Relied on indentured servants, later slavery, diseases raptured the colonies

Goal for money

Growing sugar & rice with heavy use of slavery

Jamestown 1607

Maryland - early religious toleration (only for Christians)

Cecil Calvert & Second Lord Baltimore

Virginia - Jamestown 1607, grew from the growth of tobacco

1619 - Slaves & House of Burgesses

Southern & BWI Colonies

Highest Concentration of Enslaved Labor (Black to white 4:1), Social Hierarchy, dependence on cash crops like tobacco, indigo and rice 

S. Carolina (Split in 1712) - Mirrored BWI

British West Indies - Barbados Slave Code (Formalized chattel slavery)

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Spanish sought to suppress Native practices to convert to Christianity

Advocated for religious assimilation of NativesNative American warfare became more destructive

Advocated for religious assimilation of Natives

Native American warfare became more destructive

Metacom’s War / King Philip’s War 1675

Massasoit maintained peace with New Englanders, his son became chief in 1662 and is called King Philip by colonists

Detrimental effects on Natives, they were sold into slavery and forced to become servants.

Continued colonial expansion

Salutary Nelect

British’ loose supervision of laws on colonies, self governance flourished within the colonies

Navigations Acts (1651)

Everything has to go through England, travel on English vessels, when seized, 1/3 goes to the governor of the land, 1/3 goes to authorities, and 1/3 goes to the crown

Mercantilism

Exports > Imports

Colonies exist to benefit mother country

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Led by Nathaniel Bacon, rebellion by lower classes

Led to racial divide to prevent future uprisings and stricter laws on enslaved people

Leisler’s Rebellion 1689-1691

New York - Rebellion held by Jacob Leisler after the Glorious Revolution where King James II was overthrown

Rebelled to make a representative government

Enlightenment (1685)

A period where reason, science, and individual rights were promoted over tradition.

(Natural rights, freedom of speech/religion, separation of powers, social contract) 

1st Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)

A period where religion was “revived”, it was a very emotionally charged event that spread throughout the colonies & Europe

(George Whitefield, Jonathon Edwards)

Old light & New light views 

John Winthrop

Puritan, “City on the hill” guy

George Whitefield 

Main preacher in Great Awakening 

Toured colonies, was a minister, founders of methodism  & evangelical movement

Jonathon Edwards

“Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God” Sermon

Played a big role in religious revival 

Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson

Founder of Rhode Island, Exiled from MA ;

earliest feminist, challenged Puritan leaders in MA, also exiled from MA

William Penn 

English Quaker Leader, Founded Pennsylvania to make it a safe haven for those of different race/religion

Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)

Deposition of Catholic King James II, He gets replaced by Protestant daughter

Outcome: Parliament gains more power, similar to a democracy

Puritans

Wanted to “purify” the Church of England

Separatists 

Wanted to break off from the Church of England