Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

schizophrenia

a severe disorder often associated with considerable impairments in functioning and diverse symptoms include extreme oddities in perception, thinking, action, sense of self, and manner of relating to others

psychosis

significant loss of contact with reality

delusions

an erroneous belief that’s fixed and firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence; a disturbance in the content of thought

hallucinations

a sensory experience that seems real but occurs in the absense of any external perceptual stimulus

disorganized speech

external manifestation of a disorder in thought form

neologism

made up words that appear in the patient speech.

formal thought disorder

refers the problems in the way that disorganized that is expressed in disorganized speech.

positive symptoms

reflect an excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior and experience, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and disorganized speech

negative symptoms

reflecting, absence, or deficit of behaviors that are normally present

blunted effect/flat effect

Reduce expressive behavior in vocal, facial expression, gestures, or speech

alogia

very little speech

avolition

Reductions and motivation, or experience of pleasure

schizoaffective disorder

describes people who have features of schizophrenia and severe mood disorder

schizophreniform disorder

schizophrenia- like psychoses that last at least a month, but don't last for six months and so don't warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia

delusional disorder

describes people who hold beliefs that are considered false and absurd by those around them, but otherwise behave quite normally

erotomania

a subtype of delusion disorder that involves great love for a person usually of higher status.

brief psychotic disorder

sudden onset of psychotic symptoms of disorganized, speech, or catatonic behavior

candidate genes

genes that are suspected to be involved in a disorder

endophenotypes

discrete, stable, and measurable traits thought to be under genetic control

monochorionic

fetuses that share a placenta and blood supply

dichorionic

fetusues that have separate placentas and fetal circulation

attenuated psychosis syndrome

reflect those who are prodromal—showing very early signs of schizophrenia

cytoarchitecture

the overall organization of cells in the brain

dopamine hypothesis

suggests that excessive dopamine causes schizophrenia

glutamate hypothesis

suggests that too little glutamane causes schizophrenia

communication deviance

unusual communication patterns within families

expressed emotion (EE)

a measure of the family environment based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with the researcher

antipsychotics

medications used to treat psychosis and disorders with symptoms of such

extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)

a side effect of first-genderation antipsychotics that consists of involuntary movement abnormalities that resemble Parkinson’s disease

tardive dyskinesia

a side effect of first-genderation antipsychotics that consists of involuntary movements of the lips, tongue, hands, and neck

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

a side effect of first-genderation antipsychotics that consists of a toxic reaction that consists of high fever and extreme muscle rigidity

agranulocytosis

a side effect of second-genderation antipsychotics that consists of life-threatening drop in white blood cells

cognitive remediation

patients improve of their neurocognitive deficits, which may translate into better overall functioning