Chapter 23: Fiscal Policy and the Federal Budget

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Crowding out occurs when

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government borrowing pushes up interest rates, which causes a reduction in private consumption and investment.

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recognition lag

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The time delay between an actual change in economic activity and the ability for policymakers and others to discern the change

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11 Terms

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Crowding out occurs when

government borrowing pushes up interest rates, which causes a reduction in private consumption and investment.

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recognition lag

The time delay between an actual change in economic activity and the ability for policymakers and others to discern the change

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Fiscal policy

is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

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Non discretionary government spending

is determined by current obligations, policies, and demographics, rather than by policymaker discretion.

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budget deficit

A(n) occurs when the amount of government spending in a given period is larger than the amount of government revenue from taxes and earnings during that period.

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budget surplus

A(n) occurs when the amount of government spending in a given period is less than the amount of government revenue from taxes and earnings during that period.

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Contractionary fiscal policy

is used to decrease aggregate demand.

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Discretionary spending items

include spending on national defense, transportation, and education.

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The debt-to-GDP ratio measures

the size of a country's debt as a percentage of the country's gross domestic product.

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Corporate income tax revenues come from

similar taxes imposed on U.S. corporations, although corporate tax bracket values differ from individual tax brackets.

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administration lag

The time it takes for Congress and the president to agree on what fiscal policy to use