Chapter 2: Electricity
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50 Terms
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Potential difference
________ is the driving force that pushes the charge round.
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IR
Using V= ________, an increase in current means a decrease in the total resistance of the circuits.
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negative ends
Alternating currents are produced by alternating voltages in which the positive and ________ keep alternating.
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electrical charge
When a(n) ________ goes through a change in potential difference, then energy is transferred.
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Resistance
________ is anything that slows the flow down.
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Sparks
________ are caused when there is a high enough potential difference between a charged object and the earth.
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strong electric field
The ________ causes electrons in the air particles to be removed.
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Transformers
________ are nearly 100 % efficient, so the power in primary coil= power in secondary coil.
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Ammeter
The ________: Measures the current flowing through the test wire.
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national grid
The ________ uses a high pd and a low current.
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material
The ________ that loses the electrons loses some negative charge, and is left with an equal positive charge.
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mains supply
The live wire provides the alternating potential difference (about 230V) from the ________.
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Electricity
________ is distributed via the Nation Grid.
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Energy
________ is supplied to the charge at the power source to ‘ raise it through a potential.
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LDR
A(n) ________ is a resistor that is dependent on the intensity of light.
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Thermistors
________ make useful temperature detectors, temperature sensors and electronic thermostats.
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Parallel Circuits
In ________, each components is separately connected to the +ve and- ve of the supply, except ammeters, which are always connected in series.
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certain insulating materials
When ________ are rubbed together, negatively charged electrons will be scraped off one and dumped on the other.
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maximum safety
Appliances are often given a power rating- theyre labelled with the ________ power that they can operate at.
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Electric field lines
________ go from positive to negative.
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Electrical Appliances
________ are designed to transfer energy to components in the circuit when a current flows.
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neutral wire
The ________ completes the circuit- when the appliance is operating normally, current flows through the live and ________, at 0V.
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Ohmic conductors
________ have a constant resistance.
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electric fields
Sparking can be explained by ________.
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UK mains supply
The ________ is an ac supply at around 50Hz.
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Transformers all
________ have two coils, a primary coil and a secondary coil joined with an iron coil.
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V Characteristics
The term I- ________ refers to a graph which shows how the current flowing through a component changes as the potential difference across it is increased.
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Non linear components
________ have a curved I- V characteristic.
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total energy
The ________ transferred by an appliance depends on how long the appliance is on for and its power.
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series circuit
In a(n) ________, the current is the same everywhere so the total current in the circuit is reduced when a resistor is added.
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ac supplies
In ________ the current is constantly changing direction.
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Potential difference
________ is increased using a step- up transformer.
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electrical charge
When a(n) ________ flows through a filament lamp, it transfers some energy to the thermal energy store of the filament which is designed to heat up.
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Energy
________ is Transferred from Cells to other Sources.
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parallel circuits
In ________ the total current flowing around the circuit is equal to the total of all the currents through the separate components.
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Potential difference
________ is changed by a transformer.
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potential difference
The ________ across each resistor is lower, so the current through each resistor is also lower.
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Potential Difference
Power also depends on Current and ________.
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Unit
ohm
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Formula
Q=It
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The Ammeter
Measures the current flowing through the test wire
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The Voltmeter
Measures the potential difference across the test wire
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The calculate the resistance you can do
R=V/I
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In series circuits the same current flows through all components
R(total) = R1 + R2
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There are two types of electricity supplies
alternating current(ac) and direct current(dc)
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Only electrons move
never positive charges
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LDR
Light dependent resistor
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Live wire
Provides the alternating potential difference
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Earth wire
For protecting the wiring and safety
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Neutral wire
Completes the circuit, at 0V