Final Exam Review on the World History Revolutions

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American Revolution, Columbian Exchange, French Revolution and Haitian Revolution basicaally everything learned in a world history classroom setting

Last updated 4:39 PM on 6/13/23
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116 Terms

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European Exploration
The Portuguese, Spanish, French, and British were the first Europeans to explore the "New World"
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Columbian Exchange
The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans
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Means of European Exploration
the satisfaction of curiosity, the pursuit of trade, the spread of religion, and the desire for security and political powe
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European exploration and conquest were fueled by...(Three G's
God, Gold and Glory
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Atlantic Slave Trade
the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas/ brought 773,000 people to the america's.
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American Revolution(1775
1783)
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Bacon's Rebellion (1676)
Unsuccessful revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration, which, Bacon charged, had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids.
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Townshend Acts
A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
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Quartering Act of 1765
Required certain colonies to provide food and quarter British troops
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Boston Tea Party
A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.
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Boston Massacre
incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed American colonists
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1st Continental Congress
in 1774, meeting of delegates from 12 colonies in Philadelphia (Georgia did not attend)
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Tea Act of 1773
Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low
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Sugar Act of 1764
An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
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Battles of Lexington and Concord (1775)
first battles of the Revolutionary War
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Intolerable Acts (1774)
After Tea Party, King closed the harbor for any business and reinforced the Quartering Act
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Stamp Act of 1765
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies
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Navigation Act of 1651
Law that required imported goods to be carried in English ships or ships of the country making the goods.
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2nd Continental Congress (May 1775)
voted to get all colonies involved in war, made George Washington Commander
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Effect of the American Revolution
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Articles of Confederation
the first constitution of the United States/weak
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Problems of the Articles of Confederation
1. no ability to tax
2. no ability to form military
3. owe debts to foreign nations and colonists
2. interstate commerce (tariff battles)
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Shay's Rebellion (1786
1787)
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Constitutional Compromises
1. Bill of Rights: first 10 amendments to the constitution
2. Great (Connecticut) Compromise: combined Virginia plan and New Jersey plan creating two chambers in Congress: the Senate (based on equal representation) and the House of Representatives (based on population
3. 3/5 Compromise: every 5 slaves would be counted as 3 people in terms of voting
4. Slave Trade Compromise: agreement to wait until 1808 before Congress would be able to ban the slave trade in the US.
5. Commerce Compromise: Congress was forbidden the power to tax the export of goods from any state
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Federalists
supporters of the Constitution and of a strong national government
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Antifederalists
People who opposed the Constitution and believed in a weaker central government.
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Legislative Representation
The Constitution provides for proportional representation in the U.S. House of Representatives and the seats in the House are apportioned based on state population according to the constitutionally mandated Census.
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1st Admendment
freedom of speech, press, religon
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2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
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3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers
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4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
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5th Amendment
The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process
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6th Amendment
Right to a speedy trial
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7th Amendment
Right to trial by jury
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8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
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9th Amendment
Powers reserved to the people
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10th Amendment
Powers Reserved to the States
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American President during American revolution
Washington Adams Jefferson
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Whiskey Rebellion
1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers
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Whiskey Rebellion Consequences
Washington summoned a militia from other states. Washington's government was now strengthened and commanded a new respect. Some condemned its brutal display of force, though only 3 rebels were killed
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Bank Crisis
Congress wished to renew the legislation that allowed the national bank to exist. Jackson vetoed the bill and let the Second National Bank dissolve into smaller state banks.
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Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Contains four parts: 1) Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2) Alien Act
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Louisiana Purchase (1803)
U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River
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Federalists vs Democratic
Republicans
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Democratic
Republicans
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Timeline of Haitian Revolution
1791
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Haitian Revolution created
Set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere + the world's second democratic republic (after the US).
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Toussaint l'Ouverture
Haitian patriot and leader of the Haitian Revolution
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Countries involved in the Haitian revolution
French,British and Spanish
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Saint Domingue
Haiti half of island of Hispaniola; where the Toussaint L'Overture revolt occurred; cash crops of sugar,coffeee, cocoa + cotton
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White Planters
Owned plantations & slaves; population of 40,000/1790
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Free black in Haiti
Toussaint l'Ouverture was part of this class/ didn't have as many rights as white/ some owned slaves/ population \= 30,000
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Enslaved Africans
population\= 500,00/ outnumber whites by 10: 1
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In 1676
1800, Atlantic slave trade brought
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Marooning
slaves escape to mountains and live off the land for survival
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1789
1790
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1791
1792
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March 1793
the French assembly grants full rights and French citizenship to free blacks and mulattos. white planter class objects and further violence erupts. French send military forces and new governor to enact these measures.
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1793
Great Britain and Spain enter the Haitian revolution. The British align with the white planter class and see the conflict as an opportunity to restore order and gain control of the lucrative colony. The Spanish controlled the other side of the island of Hispaniola and favored disruption in the colony. They side with Toussaint Louverture's forces and provide food, supplies, and military support.
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1794
France issues a decree freeing all slaves in February. Louverture turns on the Spanish and fights for the French, now believing in their edict to free slaves and knowing the Spanish do not share the same ideals. Andre Riguard leads free black and mulatto forces in the south to fight against the British.
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1795
1798
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1799
1800
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1801
L'Ouverture invades and captures Santo Domingo, the eastern half of the island of Hispaniola. He abolished slavery there and now rules over the entire island. L'Ouverture issues a constitution claiming autonomy from France.
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1802
Napoleon sends brother
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1803 Louisiana Purchase
In April Napoleon sells Louisiana territory and new orleans to US for 15 million, faces defeat in november. This purchase doubles the size of the us.
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1804
Dessalines declares independence in january 1st, renames former colony Haiti.
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Dessalines
Became leader of the Haitians after L'Ouverture was captured, under his leadership Haitians won independence from France.
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Washington Presidency (1789
97)
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Adams Presidency (1797
1801)
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The Democratic
Republican Jefferson presidency (1801
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French agreed to a treaty to recognize Haitian independence
in 1825 for a sum of nearly $21 billion in today's money
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United states recognize haiti's independence
in 1862 during the US civil war
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Two presidents of Haiti after 1807
Henry Christophe and Alexandre Pétion. In 1811, Christophe crowned himself king, ruling for nine years before his suicide in 1820. Studying Haiti's past provides insights into its present and future
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Life after the Kingdom
President Jean
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Attorney Ira Kurzban tried to recover the amount of money Haiti payed to France during
1825 to 1944
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King Henry
against any agreement with France and did not want to pay any reparations to france.
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Revolution
A major change
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French Revolution
A major change in government that began in 1789; it brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government
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Old Regime
A combination of the absolute monarchy and feudalism in France; it included the three estates
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Estates
The social classes in France
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First Estate
They consisted of the Roman Catholic Clergy; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes
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Second Estate
They consisted of the Nobles; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes to the king
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Third Estate
They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san
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Bourgeoisie
They were the urban middle
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San
Culottes
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Peasants
They were the rural poor; they were the farmers who paid about half of their income in taxes to the nobles, the church and other agents of the king
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Estates
General
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Vote by order
When each estate received one vote; this was favored by the First and Second Estates
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Vote by Head
When each representative received one vote; this was favored by the Third Estate
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June 17th, 1789
This is the date that the Third Estate voted to leave the Estates
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Tennis Court Oath
A promise made by the members of the National Assembly to stay together until they had written a constitution for France; this was the first deliberate act of the revolution (treason)
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Louis XVI
He was the king of France at the start of the revolution; he was weak and indecisive
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Marie Antoinette
She was the queen of France at the start of the reevolution; she was from Austria and spent too much money on herself
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Versailles
A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
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July 14th, 1789
This is the date that represents the symbolic start of the French Revolution; Parisians stormed the Bastille
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Bastille
A medieval fort and prison in Paris used to store gun powder
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Fall of the Bastille
Hundreds of hungry people stormed the prison in search of gunpowder to save Paris and the National Assembly; this was the symbolic start of the revolution
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August 4th, 1789
This is the date the National Assembly ended the Old Regime, feudalism, church tithes and the special privileges of the First/Second Estates
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Liberty, Fraternity, Equality
This was the slogan (battlecry) of the French Revolution
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Legislative Assembly
This was the legislative branch of government that was elected in to power and voted to start a war with Austria; it was forced to step down from power