History unit 1 (grade 10)

How does DEMOGRAPHY impact Canadians? provide example

-With demography trends, we see that Canada's population is getting older (more elders) + less children are being born.
-This means a smaller population and a weaker economy (less are able to work)
-Canada combats this by promoting immigration

How does SOCIAL CHANGE impact Canadians? provide example

feminism, gender wage gap, equality,

How does CULTURE impact Canadians? provide example

Canadians have their own culture and symbols, but they are often overshadowed by cultural diversity = more acceptance multiculturism

How does ABORIGINAL POPULATION impact Canadians? provide example

> Cultural diversity first began with Aboriginal and indigenous people

> The North region of Canada is largely populated by Aboriginal people. They are rich in oil and gas resources.

> Canada has not always been accepting of aboriginal culture (residential schools), so aboriginal people may will not allow themselves to be ignored in important discussions (Meech Lake accord).

> In the Meech Lake accord they were not being treated equally so they protested, and the representative of Cree people Elijah Harper refused the accord and stopped it from happening.

How does QUEBEC and SOVEREIGHTY impact Canadians?

-Quebec wanted sovereignty (separate from Canada, become own country) because they believed that their culture and language was unique from Canada's.
-The 1995 referendum was held and sovereignty lost by a slim margin.
-The referendum was confusing so they later made the clarity act (rules for future separation referendums for better results, more agreement)

How does PEACEMAKING / KEEPING impact Canadians? provide example

Canada is a Peacemaking country. We are seen as a nice and kind country as a result. (ex. Canadian military sent to Afghanistan to achieve peace there.)

What is the cause of the sovereignty referendum?

Many people of Quebec felt that their Culture and language was unique from Canada's and should be protected and preserved, so it would be good to separate and make Quebec it's own country.

What was the Clarity act?

The 1995 referendum was confusing so the clarity act puts rules in place so that future separation referendums would be clearer and so that majority is achieved

what is the timeline in Trudeau's patriating of the constitution?

1> THE DECISION TO PATRIATE - Trudeau wants to patriate constitution bc the BNA act meant he couldn't adress Canadian issues in it.

2> The provinces don't agree with him. Trudeau patriates the constitution without them.

3> KITCHEN ACCORD- Provincial premiers (except Quebec Premier) discuss a secret compromise in a kitchen.

4> The agreement is endorsed and signed bc agreement of 2-3rds of the provinces was reached

Why did Trudeau feel patriation was necessary?

Trudeau felt patriation was nessesary because
-Canada was under british law (BNA act)
-The constitution could not be changed to address Canadian issues (aboriginal + Quebec citizens)

What were Challenges Trudeau faced?

>Getting agreement on ammending formula
>Quebec wanted a veto on any constitutional change
>Premiers were wary of the constitution w/out the involvement of the provinces
>Trudeau's decision to take matters into his own hands forced the first ministers to meet again to try and reach an agreement.

What is the Amending formula?

a set process for changing the constitution. has to be majority.

What was the Kitchen Accord?

The government officials (except for Quebec governor) went to a pantry and discussed a comprimise which they all agreed to.

How has the Constitution impacted Quebec?

The constitution can be changed even if they object. The charter affects them, and they are not gong to be separate from Canada

What were the political players involved in the patriating of the constitution?

-Trudeau
-Rene Levesque
-provincial premiers
-prime ministers

What are key politicians in the Meech Lake accord?

-Brian Mulroney (proposer / Prime Minister)
-Robert burosa (premier of Quebec)
-Elijah harper (opposer / Member of the Cree nation)
-Pierre trudeau (opposer)

What was the Purpose of the Meech Lake Accord?

to get Quebec to sign the constitution

What were the oppositions to the Meech Lake Accord?

-Aboriginal and First nations people deserved to be seen and given freedoms and power because they also have their own language and culture
-it would make things unequal

Why did the Meech Lake Accord fail?

ELIJAH HARPER raised a feather to say he rejected the Meech Lake Accord.

What was the Purpose of the Charlottetown Accord?

to get Quebec to sign the constitution and to give Aboriginal and First nations people power as well.

What are key politicians in the Charlottetown accord?

-Brian Mulroney (prime minister)
-Indigenous communities
-All 10 premiers (supported)

Why did the Charlottetown Accord fail?

People were still worried about making Quebec separate from Canada because it might give Quebec government too much power

What is the contnuety and change in the Meech Lake and charlottetown Accord?

Continuety: Both accords were made to get Quebec to sign the constitution

Change: The Charlottetown Accord had Aboriginal and First nations perspectives in mind

What is Notwithstanding clause?

Gives federal and provisional government power to tweak the charter and declare certain laws exempt from the charter (for up to five years).

What are Sections 25 and 35?

Section 25: Minority Language Education - The right for eng + french ppl to be educated in their language

Section 35: Aboriginal + treaty rights - the right to speak their language and engage in their culture

What are the types of land claims? Give examples

Comprehensive: Areas where aboriginal ppl didn't sign a treaty

Specific: acted when the government did not go through with their promises in treaty agreement

What is Section 28?

Constitution rights are equal for both men and women

what is Section 15?

equality rights

What is Bill C-38?

legalized Gay marriage

How are people with disabilities benefitted by the charter?

People with disabilities are not able to be discriminated against and they have more eccessability (railings, ramps). Governemtn can't refuse them housing costs.

How are women benefitted by the charter?

• women can get sickness benefits while on maternity leave

• charter rights + freedoms apply equally to men and women -No laws against abortion

How is the lgtbtq community benefitted by the charter?

-Marriage rights
-protection from discrimination under Section 15
-LGBTQ community overall more accepted

What are the limitations of the Charter?

The charter can't alter society. There is still the gender wage gap.
The gender wage gap can be caused by other things such as Women having interests that lie away from labor force, having to balance family and work life, and harassments in the workplace

What is Globalization?

the growth of international connections.
Happens when societies and people build their networks to connect with others.

What are the bad impacts globalization has on us?

-cheap labor (taking advantage of workers)
-developed countries use their advantages to win in the marketplace
-harmful to the environment (global warming),

What factors impact globalization?

internet, trades, transportation, communication

What is WTO? What is the role of the WTO in globalization?

> World Trade Organization.

>Oversees the rules of international trade, organizes trade negotiations, police trade agreements, and rules on trade disputes. They can impose trade sanctions.

> Caused the end of the Auto Pact (cars made by European and Japanese automakers were being taxed when entering Canada.)

> reduced tariffs

what are tariffs?

Taxes on imported goods. Made imported goods expensive, hindered trade

What are the key aspects of globalization?

-trade
-privacy
-communication
-environment
-transportation

How does globalization and communication relate?

communication helps globalization grow and makes it possible to communicate in a cost effective way (phones, social media for news)

How does globalization and transportation relate?

globalization caused more international shipping and container shipping which made transportation of good faster and more efficient

How does globalization and trade relate?

> Through the 1990's and the 21st century economic globalization speeds up and countries make trading partnerships.
> Goods and services are bought and sold over large distances
> Not balanced between countries

How has NAFTA shaped Canada? what is NAFTA called now?

NAFTA changed to USMCA

What are the Pros/cons of NAFTA?

Pros:
-More job opportunities
-more variety of goods
-reduced / limited tariffs on imports and exports (products are cheaper)
-More trade between US and Canada

Cons:
-New jobs are low-paying
-job loss

What is the effect of globalization on the environment?

Environmental problems expand with economic globalization (global warming)

What is biotechnology?

the use of living organisms to create a product

What does genetically modified mean?

a product thats DNA has been modified

What does sustainable mean?

meets the needs of today's society without comprising needs of future generations

What is CRTC and what do they do?

The CRTC
-helps preserve Canadian identity and culture by making sure that Canadian radio and TV show a good amount of Canadian content for viewing.
-Also makes sure that Canadian content is shown globally.

-Does not regulate internet

provide examples for CRTC from TV, radio and publishing

TV: CBC
Radio: CBLA-FM
publishing: Margaret Atwood

How does globalization affect your privacy?

>Digital age led to more info exchange over internet
Info not easily destroyed, easily accessible

>Government, commercial organizations, and people have joined the spying game