NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOMETRY - REFERENCE STANDARD

Measures

a role in anthropometeric value like height, weight, arm circumference

Indices

it is a derive value like weight for age, weight for height

Indices

combine one or more measure and their more powerful because they allow us to classify and interpret nutritional status

Head circumference for age

used as index of chromic protein energy malnutrition status during the first 2 years of life provided that non-nutritional effect have been excluded

Anthropometeric measurements

assesses the size and shape proportion of human body

Anthropometeric Index

combination of two or more anthropometeric measures

Weight for age

it is an index of acute malnutrition and is widely used to assess PEM and overnutrition

Weight for age

from six months to seven years of age

Weight for age

used to indicate acute malnutrition for children less than 72 months

Underweight

children falling below -2SD are classified as

Above normal

the weight is greater than +2SD, the child weight is

Gomez

weight for age was one of the earliest classification used by

Weight for length/height

indicates present or current state of nutrition

Weight For length/height

an expression of leanness or wasting or the extent to which the individual is acutely malnourished

Weight for height

useful in evaluating the benefits of intervention programs

Weight for height

is a measure of thinness, a condition brought about by lack of food, infections or other causes

World Health Organization (WHO)

the use of WFH is recommended by the

Height for age

indicates the degree of skeletal development of linear growth

Height for age

index of past nutritional history or stunting of a child’s growth potential

Stunting

is a result of a long term slowing down of skeletal growth that results to reduced rate of linear growth

Height for age

an index of stunting or chronic malnutrition

Short/Stunted

based on < -2SD to classify a child as

Tall

based on > +2SD to classify a child as

Normal

based on ± 2SD to classify a child as

Body Mass Index

most familiar index

Body Mass Index

used for adults ajd adolescence

Body Mass Index

measure body weight corrected for height

Weight/Height²

what is the formula for bmi

Quetelet’s index

body mass index is called

Body Mass Index

is correlated with overall mortality and nutritional risk

Actual weight/Reference weight x 100

formula for relative weight

Weight/height

formula for weight/height ratio

Underweight

<18.5

Normal

18.5-22.9

Overweight

23.0-27.5

Obese

_>27.5

Reference data

population characteristics or distribution derived from a large representative sample of the population

Reference

healthy or malnourished

Standard

a set of norm or target that is considered ideal, normal, diserable or a target given optimum children conditions of growth

Standard

can be used as long term target

100-200 individual pee age group

population must be large, with minimum of

Reference standard

are values considered to be “normal” or “acceptable” which are used for comparison with measures obtained in a certain population

Nieman D. 2018

reference growth describes “what is or what exists”, does not necessarily represent the ideal

Growth standard

describe what should be; represent growth of children under ideal conditions

WHO 2005 Child Growth Standard

the growth reference data for children aged 0-5 years

2007 Reference Table

used for children 6-18 years years

2007 Reference Table

the data came from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) but it was adopted by WHO for use among older children

Percentile, Z-score and Percent of median

methods by which children can be compared to the reference population

Percentile

refers to the position of the measurement value in relation to all (or 100%) of the measurements for the reference population

Percentile range

can be read from graph or table of reference data

P50 or Median value

is the midpoint usually used to describe “normal” value

SD score

normalized weight or height value

Z-score

those inn the lowest of the distribution of weight or height are more risk to undernutrition, also called as

Undernutrition

< -2 SD

Overnutrition

>+2SD

Wasting, Stunting, Underweight

Undernutrition

Vitamins and Minerals

Micronutrient deficiences

Obesity/overweight

Overnutrition

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM)

very low weight for height (below -3Z scores of the WHO growth standard)

Moderate acute malnutrition

weight for height between -3 and -2 z-scores

Global acute malnutrition (GAM)

refers to the sum of prevalence of SAM plus MAM at a population level

Bilateral pitting edema

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body that causes swelling

Growth monitoring tool

used in monitoring growth of children and detect growth faltering

Upward direction

a,climbing growth curve which is in the same direction as the reference curve is a sign of adequate growth

Flat curve

flattening of the growth curve indicates that the child is not growing

Downward curve

growth curve that goes down is a danger sign

Outside the lower reference

the child is thin and therefore needs immediate help

Outside the upper reference

means the child is obese

Anthropometeric indicators

is an objectively verifiable, quantitative measurement that reflects the nutritional status of an individual or population

Anthropometeric indicator

can be used to track changes in a situation over time or demonstrate whether a program is achieving its objectives