CSN NURS 101 Ch. 1

elements of nursing

1. Focus on human experiences and responses to birth, health, illness, death

2. Knowledge based practice incl diagnosis, interventions, evaluation of outcomes

3. Gathers objective data based on their patient's subjective experiences and apply scientific knowledge

4. Develop caring relationship that promote health and healing

nursing roles: caregiver

-combines art/science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs.

-roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death.

-role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse.

nursing roles: communicator

- interpersonal/ therapeutic communication skills to establish/maintain helping relationships with patients

nursing roles: teacher/educator

assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families

nursing roles: counselor

therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make referrals, facilitate patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills

nursing roles: leader

assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups.

nursing roles: researcher

participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care

nursing roles: advocate

protection of human or legal rights and the securing care for all patients based on belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives

-stand up for patient

nursing roles: collaborator

effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care

nursing roles: manager (care coordinator)

gets things ready for discharge

-discharge begins as soon as patient walks in hospital

4 aims of nursing

1. To promote health

2. To prevent illness

3. To restore health

4. To facilitate coping with disability or death

to promote health

Motivated by the desire to increase a persons well-being and health potential;

-identifying, analyzing, maximizing individual strengths of preventing illness, restoring health, knowing how to cope with disability or death

health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

-subjective

wellness

active state of being healthy; it is the lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, emotional, spiritual health

health literacy

ability to obtain, process, and understand basic information about health

health promoting guidelines by healthy people 2020

a. Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death

b. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups

c. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

d. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors

to promote health: nurse's job

a. Help make decisions about lifestyle

b. Increases patients' health awareness by teaching that certain behaviors and factors can contribute to or diminish health

c. Teaches self-care activities

d. Serves as a role model

e. Encourages health promotion by providing information and referrals

to prevent illness

reduce risk for illness. promote good health habits, maintain optimal functioning

to prevent illness: examples

a. prenatal care, smoking cessation programs, stress reduction seminars

b. aerobic classes, gym

c. Books, tv, radio, internet, about health diet and exercise

d. Health assessments in clinics to identify strengths and risks for illness

to restore health

early detection, provide direct and immediate care, collaborate, rehab

to restore health: nurse's role

a. assessments (taking blood pressure, blood sugar)

b. Referring questions and abnormal findings to other providers

c. Provide direct care of person like giving meds, doing treatments

d. Working with other health care providers

e. Planning, teaching, encouraging rehabilitation

f. Working in mental health programs and chemical dependency programs

to facilitate coping with disability or death

to facilitate an optimal level of functioning; provide quality end of life care

nurse's duty as professional

i. Involves special skills and applying knowledge based on education

ii. Guided by standards and code of ethics

iii. Focuses on human responses to actual or potential health programs and focus on wellness

iv. Recognized as scholarly, with academic qualifications, research, publications

v. Focus on EBP

LPN/LVN

high schools, technical or vocational schools, community colleges, independent facilities; 1 year program; focus on patient care in hospitals, long term care, home health

RN: diploma

3 years, in hospital, little theory hands on experience, little classroom, history 24/7, submissive to authority,

-jobs limited - home nursing or in their training agencies before advent of licensure exams, long term, ambulatory facilities

RN: diploma-history

Oldest form of nursing education

-most located in hospitals; graduates perform as primary caregivers in hospitals and outpatient settings

-not educationally prepared for administrative duties but can work as RN

-number of programs declined since 1980s due to ADN programs

RN: ADN

2 year program; technically skilled, focus on patient care, manager of care; work in hospitals, long term care, home health, other community

RN: ADN-history

Started in 1950s due to increased need for nurses post-war (WWII) and nurses wanted more education; no affiliation to specific hospital; more hands-on practicum experience than diploma programs

RN: BSN

4 year program; required degree for administrative, managerial, community health positions; knowledge of theory and practice, provide care, work in teams, use research

RN: BSN-history

1. Learn more research, managements, theory, and get higher positions

2. Established 1900s

RN: masters to become APRN

managerial roles, clinical specialists, can become midwives and NP

-CNL: advanced clinician utilizes EBP; role is not managerial or administration

RN: doctorate to become DNP

academic advancement and organizational management; designed for nurses who want terminal degree and another approach to research focused programs

continuing education

Education that is employment or license related; used to motivate, enrich, update skill sets, satisfy licensing requirements, or further your career

-maintain licensure

in service

learning specific skills or learn how to use new equipment

standards of nursing practice: ADPIE

assessment (recognizing ques), diagnosis, outcomes, planning, implementation (performing intervention), evaluation

nursing practice and licensure

1. Protect the public by defining the legal scope of nursing practice, excluding untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing.

2. Create a State Board of Nursing or regulatory body having the authority to make and enforce rules and regulations concerning the nursing profession.

3. Define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs.

4. Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses.

5. Reciprocity allows nurses to apply for and be endorsed as RN by another state

Licensed must be renewed in intervals

ways to practice in different state: reciprocity/endorsement

allow nurses to apply for and be endorsed as RN by another state; accept RN license in that state

ways to practice in different state: Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)

allow nurse who is licensed and permanently lives in one of the member states to practice in other member states without additional licensure; agreement of group of states

Code of Ethics

a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions

-established by AACN

-Altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, social justice

challenges to nursing practice 21st century

i. Growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and acutely ill (getting sicker as ppl get older)

ii. Increasing health costs (its cheaper to care for healthy person)

iii. Need to stay current w rapid advances and medical knowledge and technology (sicker people now with higher acuity)

iv. Main focus in 21st century is health promotion and disease prevention (healthy people 2020/2030)

v. Unlicensed assistive personnel: make sure theyre doing their job

trends identified by ANA that affect nurses

1. Nursing shortages (below 20%)

2. Job opportunities expanding outside hospital and nurses will have bigger roles in society

3. Technology will play larger role in practice

4. Nurses will collaborate more with health care providers

5. Evidence based practice is the guide that is most cost effective and better for patient