Quiz 2 Bsc2011

What is a mixotroph?

Protists that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition.

What organisms are considered mixotrophic?

Certain protists.

Define endosymbiosis.

A relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism.

What did research indicate about the origin of plastids?

Plastids arose from photosynthetic cyanobacterium.

From which organism did mitochondria arise?

Mitochondria arose from alpha proteobacteria.

Which structure appeared first in eukaryotes, mitochondrion or plastid?

Mitochondria appeared first.

What are the four supergroups of eukaryotes?

Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastids, Unikonta.

How many supergroups include protists?

4 supergroups.

Which supergroup includes plants?

Archaeplastids.

Which supergroup includes fungi?

Unikonta.

Which supergroup includes animals?

Unikonta.

Why do scientists no longer recognize Kingdom Protista?

Because protists are more closely related to plants, fungi, or animals than to other protists.

Do all types of algae belong to the same supergroup?

No.

Do all types of amoebas belong to the same supergroup?

No.

To which type of algae are plants most closely related?

Green algae.

How does Giardia intestinalis affect humans?

It inhabits the intestines of mammals.

How does Trichomonas vaginalis affect humans?

It is a sexually transmitted parasite that infects people.

How does Trypanosoma affect humans?

It infects humans and causes sleeping sickness.

What is the function of the eyespot on Euglena?

It serves as a light shelf, allowing light to strike the light detector.

Why does Euglena move toward light?

To enhance photosynthesis.

Which photosynthetic protists have a glass-like wall for protection?

Diatoms.

Is Laminaria heteromorphic or isomorphic?

Heteromorphic.

Define heteromorphic.

The sporophytes and gametophytes are structurally different.

How many flagella does a dinoflagellate have?

Two.

What is a 'red tide'?

High concentrations of carotenoid-containing dinoflagellates.

How does Plasmodium affect humans?

It is a parasite that causes malaria.

How does Plasmodium travel from one person to another?

Through a mosquito.

What structures allow Paramecium to locomote?

Cilia.

What are pseudopodia?

Extensions that may bulge from almost everywhere on the cell surface.

Which protists have pseudopodia?

Amoebas.

Which heterotrophic protists have internal skeletons made of silica?

Radiolarians.

Which photosynthetic protists have calcium carbonate shells?

Foraminiferans.

What is phycoerythrin?

A pigment that masks the green of chlorophyll.

What type of algae are the most abundant large algae in warm coastal waters?

Red algae.

What type of large multicellular algae is common along temperate coasts with cold water currents?

Brown algae.

Which type of algae is used as a wrap for sushi?

Nori.

How do the feeding stages of plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds differ?

Cellular slime molds remain separated by their individual plasma membranes.

What conditions stimulate a plasmodial slime mold to produce spores?

Moist soil, leaf mulch, rotting logs.

What is the concept of cheating in cellular slime molds?

Mutants gain a strong reproductive advantage over non-cheaters.

How does Entamoeba histolytica affect humans?

It causes amoebic dysentery and is spread via contaminated drinking water, food, or eating utensils.

What are two examples of protists that are multinucleate supercells?

Caulerpa and plasmodial slime molds.

the 5 kingdoms

Plants, Fungi , Animals, Protists, Monera

the 4 supergroups

Excavata, Sar clade, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

Excavta examples

Giardia, Naegleria

SAR clade examples

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans

dinoflagellates examples

zooxanthellae, karenia brevis

zooxanthellae examples

coral, giant clams, upside down jellyfish

karenia brevis examples

red tide

giardia

causes diarrhea, lives in lining of intenstines, lives in freshwater

Naegleria

lives in warm ponds, brain eating amoebas

apicomplexans examples

plasmodium, causes malaria. bursts red blood cells