Quiz 2 Bsc2011
Define mixotroph.
- Protists Combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
Which protists are mixotrophic?
-
Define endosymbiosis.
- A relationship between two species in which one organism livs inside the cell or cells of another organism
Research indicates that plastids arose from ________________.
- Photosynthetic cyanobacterium
a. alpha proteobacteria
a. agrobactierum
b. beta proteobacteria
c. – comamonas testosterone
d. gamma proteobacteria
e. – escherichia coli
d. delta proteobacteria
-
e. epsilon proteobacteria
f. chlamydias
g. spirochetes
h. cyanobacteria
i. gram-positive bacteria
Research indicates that mitochondria arose from _____alpha proteobactierum ___________.
Which structure appeared first in eukaryotes? mitochondrion or plastid
- Mitochondria
What are the four supergroups of eukaryotes?
- Excavata
- SAR
- Archaeplastids
- Unikonta
How many supergroups include protists?
- 4
Which supergroup includes plants?
- Archaeplastids
Which supergroup includes fungi?
- unikonta
Which supergroup includes animals?
- Unikonta
Explain why scientists no longer recognize Kingdom Protista. (Hint: Is Protista a clade?)
- Because protists are more closely related to plants, fungi, or animals than to other protists, therefore biologists recognize protists as a way to eukaryotes that aren’t plants, animals, or fungi.
Do all types of algae belong to the same supergroup?
- no
Do all types of amoebas belong to the same supergroup?
- no
To which type of algae are plants most closely related? golden, brown, red, or green
- green
Match the protist with its supergroup.
C_ Giardia intestinalis A. Unikonta
__C_ Trichomonas vaginalis B. SAR
__C_ Euglena C. Excavata
__C_ Trypanosoma D. Archaeplastida
__B_ diatoms
__B_ golden algae
__B_ brown algae
__B_ dinoflagellates
__B_ Plasmodium
__B_ Paramecium
B_ radiolarians
B_ foraminiferans
D_ red algae
__D_ green algae
__A_ slime molds
___ Entamoeba histolytica
How does Giardia intestinalis affect humans?
- Inhabits the intestines of mammals
How does Trichomonas vaginalis affect humans?
- A sexually transmitted parasite that infects people
How does Trypanosoma affect humans?
- Infect humans and cause sleeping sickness
What is the function of the eyespot on Euglena?
- A light shelf, allowing light from only a certain direction to strike the light detector
Why does Euglena move toward light?
- It enhances photosynthesis
Which photosynthetic protists have a glass-like wall that provides protection from predators?
- Diatoms
Understand the concept of alternation of generations in the Laminaria (brown algae) life cycle.
Can you recognize the difference between the sporophyte and the gametophyte stages?
-
Which stage is larger?
- fertilization
Which stage is diploid?
- mitosis
Define diploid.
- Contains two sets of chromosomes
Which stage is haploid?
- Meiosis
Define haploid.
- One set of chromosomes
Which stage produces spores?
- 3
What do spores turn into?
- Develop into male gametophytes
Which stage produces gametes?
- 4
What are gametes?
- A reproductive cell
Is Laminaria heteromorphic or isomorphic?
- heteromorphic
Define heteromorphic.
- The sporophytes and gametophytes are structurally different
Define isomorphic.
- Sporophytes and gametophytes look similar to each other but differ in chromosome number
How many flagella does a dinoflagellate have?
- two
What is a “red tide”?
- high concentrations of carotenoid-containing dinoflagellate
How does Plasmodium affect humans?
- Parasite that causes malaria
How does Plasmodium travel from one person to another?
- Through a misquote
Which structures allow Paramecium to locomote?
- cilia
What are pseudopodia and what functions do they accomplish?
- Extensions that may bulge from almost everywhere on the cell surface.
- Anchors the tip and streams cytoplasm into the pseudopodium
Which protists have pseudopodia?
- Amoebas
Which heterotrophic protists have internal skeletons made of silica that create a thick ooze on the bottom of the ocean when they die?
- radiolarians
Which photosynthetic protists have calcium carbonate shells that create marine sediments and sedimentary rocks when they die?
- Foraminiferans
What is phycoerythrin?
- Masks the green of chlorophyll
Which type of algae are the most abundant large algae in the warm coastal waters of tropical oceans?
- Red algae
Which type of large multicellular algae is especially common along temperate coasts that have cold water currents?
- Brown algae
Which type of algae is used as a wrap for sushi?
- Nori
Giant kelp is a type of ___brown_____________ algae.
a. golden
b. brown
c. red
d. green
How do the feeding stages of plasmodial slime molds and cellular slime molds differ?
- Cellular slim molds remain separated by their individual plasma membranes
What conditions stimulate a plasmodial slime mold to produce spores?
- Moist soil, leaf mulch, rotting logs
Explain the concept of cheating in cellular slime molds.
- The mutants gain a strong reproductive advantage over noncheators.
How does Entamoeba histolytica affect humans?
- Causes amoebic dystentry and is spread via contaminated drinking wate, food or eating utensils
What are the 2 examples of protists that are multinucleate supercells?
- Caulerpa
- Plasmodial slime molds
