Chapter 11: Community Policing and Problem Solving

Contagion Proposition

________: As the quality of life decreases in geographical location more fear and crime is generated over time.

SARA

________: Used by community policing agencies to identify and solve repeat crime and community problems.

Despecialization

________: Making an organization less specialized and making line officers take on more of these responsibilities as generalists.

Routine activities theory

________: For a crime to occur there has to be a motivated offender, a suitable target, and an absence of capable guardianship.

Comprehensive Plans

________: Outlines a vision for the community's future and the steps necessary to turn that vision become reality.

Resiliency Theory

________: The more risk factors that are present the greater the criminal activity or behavior will be.

Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity

________: A distributional characteristic that is unaffected by the identities of the groups within a community and solely depends on the number and proportion of each.

Partnership

________: When a police department and community work together to make the community better.

Analysis

________: Recognizing and comprehending the circumstances and events that lead up to and around the issue.

Programmatic Dimension

________: Implementing a series of programs to gradually incorporate community policing into department operations.

Public Health Model

________: Attempts to find risk factors in order to avoid or lessen a certain illness or social issue in a community.

Empowerment

________: When everyone in a group feels like they have a similar input and are on the same level as everyone else in the group.

Hot Spots

________: Specific area that has the most crime within the community.

Community

: A geographical area that has multiple aspects such as racial diversity, socioeconomic composition, organizational participation, etc.

Broken Windows Theory

________: The understanding that even minor infractions or quality-of-life transgressions can encourage or breed more major crimes in a neighborhood by luring more criminals and driving away more law-abiding citizens.

Proactive

________: Acting before a problem occurs to prevent it.

Reactive

________: Acting after a problem occurs to prevent it.

Residential Stability

________: The percentage of people who still resided in the same house as they did a year ago.

Crime Triangle

________: Displays the three elements necessary in order to take place a victim, offender, and location.

Assessment

________: We collect data to identify if there was a change when the solution was implemented.

Response or Strategy

________: Brainstorming new ideas and implementing the solutions.

Supervisory Capacity

________: These are the responsibilities that allow someone to hire, transfer, promote, demote, or terminate employees.

Team Policing

________: Assigning police officers to a small geographical area.

Socioeconomic Composition

________: People or families are separated into 3 levels; lower class, middle class, and upper class.

Structural Changes

________: The transformation in the structure of society.

Prevalence

________: The overall incidence of a problem in a geographical location.

Decentralization

________: Delegation of government responsibilities, authority, and resources to lower levels of government.

Repeat Victimization

________: When someone has been victimized multiple times.

Participatory Management Model

________: Encourages farmers to employ an adaptive management approach in order to interact with the complex systems in which they live and work in a sustainable manner.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

________: Recognizing that crime can be stopped by manipulating location dynamics such as target vulnerability.

Risk Factors

________: Things are found to increase crime.

Organizational Participation

________: This is a group that works based on participation from the public rather than hiring contracted workers.

Community Mobilization

________: Used by law enforcement to involve people from all sectors of the community.

Community Ownership

________: The degree to which a community feels responsible for maintaining a good quality of life in the community.

Target Area

________: An area where problems occur the most and so the officers and community work together more to solve the problems there.

Prevention Strategies

________: Put into place so that it does not happen in the future.