CIS 125 Test 1 Review

Information Technology

Hardware, software, and media used to store, retrieve, organize, and communicate information. (physical pieces)

Information Systems

Organized combination of hardware, software, data, infrastructure, and people used to accomplish a specified purpose

What happens if information is inaccurate?

You might be taken advantage of, people will believe you’re unqualified, or you negotiate too low or high

What happens if you don’t have competitive information?

You will sell yourself short; you’ll be uninformed

What must you do to determine if information is accurate?

TRUST BUT VERIFY

How does technology change how we live and work?

It deals with information

Three Emerging technologies with the greatest impact

5G, IoT (Information of Things), AI

When is Tech used?

When it is NEEDED

How to use AI responsibly?

1. Facilitate NOT BYPASS learning

2. COLLABORATION, NOT SUBSTITUTION

3. AVOID plagarism

4. Be TRANSPARENT

5. Be CRITICAL

6. Data Privacy

7. CHECK with your professor

Information Literacy

Know when it’s needed, able to locate, evaluate, and effectively use information

Poor information literacy leads to what?

Information ASYMMETRIES

Good quality info. improves what?

Productivity, regulatory compliance, high-quality decision making

Bad information can cause what?

Legal issues, harmed reputations, missed opportunities, lost revenue

Data

Raw, unprocessed, unorganized pieces of info. that doesn’t make sense

Information

Data is processed in a way that is understandable

Knowledge

When the data can be used in a specific way

Wisdom

When you can apply that knowledge ethically and effectively

Connectedness

information that connects data elements to give context and meaning

Usefulness

information that is interpreted and applied in a useful and appliable way leading to knowledge

Intrinsic quality

regardless of how the information is presented or what the context is, it remains high-quality

Contextual quality

if the info. is good depending on the task

Representational quality

how the information is provided to the user

Accessibility quality

whether authorized users can easily access the information

Intrinsic characteristics (A)

accurate

Intrinsic characteristics (B)

Believeable

Intrinsic characteristics (O)

Objective

Intrinsic Characteristics (U)

Understandable

Intrinsic Characteristics (C)

Consistent

Extrinsic characteristic (R)

relevant

Extrinsic characteristic (T)

timely

Extrinsic characteristics (C & C)

Complete & Current

Does context of quality information matter and provide an example?

Yes it matters; stock price info is often delayed for free users because the data takes time and money to attain

What do Information Systems careers focus on?

Designing Systems, Building systems, supporting systems, managing systems

Information analysis careers focus on

Retrieving information, reporting information, analyzing information

What is Information Overload?

Being faced with more information than one can effectively process which decreases productivity, increases stress, and can lead to physical health problems

Why do LEADERS value information?

• To improve decision making

• To justify decisions

• To verify previously-acquired information

• To “play it safe” by making sure they don’t miss any relevant information

• In the belief that the information may be useful later

• REDUCES RISK

Withdrawal

Disconnecting from electronics/sources; ex: not checking email, turning off TV, not surfing web

Filtering

knowing what information we need and what information requires attention and use

Good information ensures data is:

Verifiable, unbiased, relevant, timely, accessible

Bad information includes data that is:

Anecdotal, inflammatory (rage-bait), outdated

How is information evaluated in traditional media?

In traditional media, editors & publishers evaluate the quality and correctness of information

How is information evaluated on the Internet

A few “gatekeepers” decide what can be (and provide quality control); consumer must perform this evaluation

Platform

cannot regulate free speech; resolves you from legal liability (within limits)

Publisher

Regulates what can and cannot be said; can be sued if there is slander, misinformation, libel, etc.

Does context of information quality matter?

Yes it does; High quality info. is COSTLY; Goal of info. that is of sufficient quality to carry out tasks efficiently

How to evaluate if information is useful?

It is relevant, appropriate, current, consistent, and understandable

How to evaluate if information is believable

It is credible, objective, supported, & comprehensive

Input

putting data for processing

Processing

manipulation and transformation of data

Storage

holding a place for data so they can be retrieved at a later time

Output

Transformation of processed data into a form that can be understood by its eventual user

Control

Enforcement of correct processing procedures

Business Rule

Statement that defines or constrains an aspect of a business with the intent of controlling behaviors in that business

IS and Organization Change:

Process Improvements, Automation, Control, Information Flow

Process improvements

makes systems more efficient and effective (Self-service ATMs)

Automation

the use of technology, machines, and electronic devices to perform tasks and operate processes with minimal or no human intervention, enhancing efficiency and productivity (online ordering)

Control

involves the processes and procedures that regulate, guide, and protect an organization (prerequisites for a course)

Information Flow

the path and process by which information moves between people, systems, or parts of a system, encompassing its access, exchange, and documentation (changing course grade when required)

Intelligent Process Automation (IPA)

Combines robotic process automation and AI to automate tasks that require judgement; can learn from experience

Common Information Systems

• Personal Applications

• Transactional Processing Systems (Paypal, Venmo)

• Functional and Management Information Systems (Project Management)

• Integrated Enterprise Systems (Car dealerships with inventory systems)

• Interorganizational systems (health insurance that integrates to hospitals)

• Global Systems (military, telecom, ISP, cell phone company)