g - Esters

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4g (4.38-4.43)

Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

IGCSE Chemistry

Edexcel

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6 Terms

1
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Esters functional group

-COO

<p><strong><em>-COO</em></strong></p>
2
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Esters are formed from…

an alcohol + carboxylic acid

in presence of acid catalyst (e.g. conc. sulfuric acid)

<p><em>an </em><strong><em>alcohol</em></strong><em> + </em><strong><em>carboxylic acid</em></strong></p><p><em>in presence of </em><strong><em>acid catalyst</em></strong><em> (e.g. conc. sulfuric acid)</em></p>
3
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Ethyl ethanoate

Ester produced when ethanol + ethanoic acid react in presence of acid catalyst

<p><em>Ester produced when </em><strong><em>ethanol</em></strong><em> + </em><strong><em>ethanoic acid </em></strong><em>react in presence of </em><strong><em>acid catalyst</em></strong></p>
4
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Naming esters

Names end in ‘-oate’

First part of name - alcohol

Second part of name - acid

<p><em>Names end in ‘-</em><strong><em>oate</em></strong><em>’</em></p><p><strong><em>First </em></strong><em>part of name - </em><strong><em>alcohol</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Second </em></strong><em>part of name - </em><strong><em>acid</em></strong></p>
5
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Esters are used…

in perfumes as many of them have pleasant smells + volatile (evaporate easily)

Also used to make food flavourings e.g. esters that taste of apple, orange etc.

6
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Preparing sample of ester

How to make ethyl ethanoate:

  • Add a few drops of conc. sulfuric acid to boiling tube using dropping pipette

  • Add 10 drops of ethanoic acid

  • Add equal volume of ethanol

  • Place boiling tube in beaker of water + place on tripod

  • Heat using Bunsen burner until water boils, then turn off Bunsen

  • After 1 min, remove tube and allow to cool

  • Once cool, pour mixture into test tube of sodium carbonate solution + mix
    Layer of ester should form on top of solution

<p><em>How to make </em><strong><em>ethyl ethanoate:</em></strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Add a few drops of </em><strong><em>conc. sulfuric acid </em></strong><em>to boiling tube using </em><strong><em>dropping pipette</em></strong></p></li><li><p><em>Add 10 drops of </em><strong><em>ethanoic acid</em></strong></p></li><li><p><em>Add equal volume of </em><strong><em>ethanol</em></strong></p></li><li><p><em>Place boiling tube in beaker of water + place on tripod</em></p></li><li><p><em>Heat using </em><strong><em>Bunsen burner</em></strong><em> until water boils, then turn off Bunsen</em></p></li><li><p><em>After </em><strong><em>1 min</em></strong><em>, remove </em><strong><em>tube </em></strong><em>and allow to </em><strong><em>cool</em></strong></p></li><li><p><em>Once cool, pour mixture into test tube of </em><strong><em>sodium carbonate</em></strong><em> solution + mix<br></em><strong><em>Layer of ester </em></strong><em>should form on top of solution</em></p></li></ul>