Hyman and Sugarman
Cultural deprivation + sub-cultural values
Parental attitudes + involvement significantly contributes to the success of a student
Different social classes have set values + attitudes that affects their view on education
Hyman → Working class looks for immediate gratification instead of looking for higher paying jobs. The middle class looks for the highest paying jobs
Sugarman → Middle class jobs offered more opportunities for promotions + wage increase
Cultural deprivation
People who lack the correct culture to succeed in education due to limitations at home. e.g. improper socialisation
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Hyman and Sugarman
Cultural deprivation + sub-cultural values
Parental attitudes + involvement significantly contributes to the success of a student
Different social classes have set values + attitudes that affects their view on education
Hyman → Working class looks for immediate gratification instead of looking for higher paying jobs. The middle class looks for the highest paying jobs
Sugarman → Middle class jobs offered more opportunities for promotions + wage increase
Cultural deprivation
People who lack the correct culture to succeed in education due to limitations at home. e.g. improper socialisation
Douglas
Parental interest
Longitudinal study on w/c + m/c children with similar IQ and found that m/c children still left with a higher education qualification
M/C parents showed more interest in their child’s education by attending parent/teacher meetings + encouragement
Criticisms of douglas
Blackstone and Mortimore
W/C parents may not be able to attend parent teacher meetings as they cannot take time off from their manual jobs - this does not mean that they are less involved
They may be less comfortable with meeting their teachers due to their previous negative experiences
Bernstein
Language codes
W/C - restricted code (limited vocabulary) which can put them at a disadvantage
M/C - elaborated code which has a broader vocabulary + grammar
Schools follow and elaborated code which benefits the M/C
Restricted code can prevent the students from understanding their teachers/textbooks
M/C students have a higher chance of attainment due to the formality + detail that they can produce in their work
Criticisms of Bernstein
Labov
Doesn’t acknowledge that middle class vary their use of restricted code
1973 study showed that their code was only different, not informal
Middle class include unnecessary detail whereas working class get straight to the point