T2.1 Colonization

Economic motives

Access to natural resources, land, and trade opportunities

Political motives

Territory and global power

Religious motives

Spread Christianity, flee persecution and practice freely

Jamestown

1607, founded by Virginia Company, joint-stock company, under royal charter

Plymouth

1620, Pilgrims seeking religious freedom, no royal charter—governed by Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts Bay

1630, founded by Massachusetts Bay Company, joint-stock company, under royal charter

Proprietary colonies

Led by proprietors granted full control by the crown

New England Colonies

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut

New England geography/climate

Cold winters, short growing season, coastal with lots of trees

New England culture

Shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, manufacturing

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Middle Colonies geography

Rivers, coastal harbors, mountains inland, fertile soil

Middle Colonies jobs

Grain production (breadbasket colony), trade on rivers, skilled artisans

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Southern colonies geography/climate

Flat coastal plains, hot summers, long growing season

Southern colonies resources

Tobacco, rice, indigo

Southern Colonies slavery

Reliance slave labor, indentured servants worked for set period of time for passage to North America

John Smith

Jamestown: leadership and diplomacy with Natives

William Bradford

Plymouth: led pilgrims, self government through Mayflower Compact

John Winthrop

Massachusetts Bay: led Puritans, moral society that became religiously intolerant

Roger Williams

Rhode Island: banished from Massachusetts Bay, religious freedom, separation of church and state

William Penn

Pennsylvania: Quakers, equality and cultural tolerance

Lord Baltimore

Maryland: refuge for Catholics, religious toleration

House of Burgesses (1619)

First elected legislative body in colonies

Town meetings in New England

Vote directly on local issues

The Mayflower Compact

Pilgrim agreement: govern themselves by majority rule, local leaders with no representation in British Parliament

The Great Awakening

Religious revival; inspired emotional responses and personal faith, democratic thinking: equality before God

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

Encouraged colonist to question authority, individual spiritual experience