PE Unit 3 AOS 1 (copy)

Sport specific skill

Advanced versions or combinations of fundamental motor skills relevant to the rules and equipment of a sport.

Fundamental motor skill

Foundational skills that provide the basis for the development of sport specific skills.

Movement precision

The degree of accuracy when performing a skill.

Fine motor skill

A skill that recruits smaller or less muscle groups, focused on precise and controlled movements.

Gross motor skill

A skill that recruits larger or more muscle groups, focused on producing speed or force.

Discrete skill

A skill with a distinct beginning and end.

Serial skill

Several skills performed in a coordinated sequence.

Continuous skill

A skill with no clear beginning and end, particularly relevant to locomotion.

Open skill

A skill performed with little to no control over the environment.

Closed skill

A skill performed with the greatest control over the environment.

Cognitive learner

A person who has had little to no exposure to a particular movement skill.

Associative learner

A person who is beginning to refine their technique and success in a particular movement skill.

Autonomous learner

A person who can complete a skill automatically in a range of settings.

Attention

Amount of conscious thought required to complete a movement skill.

Error

A skill performed incorrectly or which does not achieve its intention.

Enabler

Something or someone that has a positive influence on one's participation and skill development.

Barrier

Something or someone that has a negative influence on one's participation and skill development.

Motor skills, participation and performance

If a person is unable to perform fundamental motor skills their participation is likely to decrease.

Qualitative movement analysis (QMA)

Used to assess movement then improve movement which will lead to an increase in performance.

Preparation

Involving the collection of all relevant information including purpose, knowledge of the skill, and method of observation.

Observation

Involving watching the skill be performed either live or digitally.

Evaluation

Involves judging the quality of the skill that was observed and how it may be improved.

Linear acquisition

Based on a learner moving through predictable, step-by-step stages of skill development.

Non-linear acquisition

Acquiring skills through a non-fixed path may involve rapid change and regressions.

Direct coaching

Where feedback is generally given on every attempt and the learner has little need to make decisions.

Constraints based approach

More adaptive and changes depending on individual, environmental and task constraints.

Types of constraints

Individual, environmental, and task constraints.

Confidence

The belief an athlete has about their ability to execute a skill or goal successfully.

Motivation

The causes of the initiation, maintenance and intensity of behaviour.

Intrinsic motivating factors

Factors internal to the athlete such as happiness or satisfaction.

Extrinsic motivating factors

Factors external to the athlete such as prize money or trophies.

Positive motivation

Involves reinforcing or encouraging good performance.

Negative motivation

Involves criticizing or punishing poor performance.

Optimal arousal

Arousal is how ready a person is to perform an action or task.

Ways to increase arousal levels

Includes increased breathing rate and acting energetically.

Ways to decrease arousal levels

Includes reducing breathing rate, progressive muscle relaxation, and meditation.

Concentration

The ability to focus on relevant cues and ignore distractions.

Types of practice

Part practice, whole practice.

Practice distribution

Massed practice, distributed practice.

Practice variability

Blocked practice, random practice.

Types of Feedback

Intrinsic feedback, proprioception, augmented feedback.

Frequency of feedback

Frequent feedback is necessary during cognitive stages but less needed as the learner develops.

Linear motion

Movement of an object or body in a straight line or curved path.

Angular motion

Movement of an object or body around an axis.

General motion

A combination of linear and angular motion.

Projectile motion

The flight path of an airborne body or object that can be manipulated by factors.

Air resistance

Force acting on a projectile that affects the horizontal distance.

Gravity

Force acting on a projectile that affects the vertical distance.

Speed of release

The rate at which a projectile is released into the air.

Angle of release

The angle at which a projectile is released into the air.

Height of release

The starting height at which a projectile is released into the air.

Mass

The measure of the quantity of matter found in an object.

Inertia

The reluctance of a body to change its state of motion.

Force

A push or pull from one body with mass to a second body.

Distance

The amount of ground an object covers throughout its motion.

Displacement

A body's overall change in position from start to finish.

Speed

Distance / time - the rate at which an object is moving from one location to another.

Velocity

Displacement / time - the rate at which an object is moving from one location to another, contains direction.

Acceleration

The rate of change in velocity of an object.

Momentum

The amount of motion that an object possesses.

Moment of inertia

The reluctance of a body to rotate.

Summation of forces

The correct timing and sequencing of body segments through a range of motion.

Impulse

The change in momentum of a body.

Torque

A force that causes an object to rotate.

Friction

Occurs when two surfaces come into contact.

Lever

A structure made up of a rigid bar, an axis, force input and resistance.

Axis

The point of rotation for a lever.

Range of motion

The full extent that a lever can move through its potential arc.

Mechanical advantage

The measure of a lever's ability to produce speed or force.

Third class lever

Where the force is applied between the axis and the resistance.

Newtons first law

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newtons second law

An object will accelerate proportionate to the force applied and inversely proportionate to its mass.

Newtons third law

Every action has its equal and opposite reaction.

Equilibrium

When all opposing forces are balanced.

Stability

The degree at which the body resists changes in equilibrium.

Balance

The ability to maintain or control equilibrium.

Base of support

The area of an object that is in contact with a surface.

Line of gravity

Imaginary line that travels through the centre of gravity into the middle of the base of support.

Centre of gravity

The central point of an object that weight is evenly distributed around.