Chemistry organic synthesis

Alkene→ haloalkane

HX or X2

Alkene → alkane

H2, Ni catalyst, heat

Alkene → alcohol

Steam, H+, heat

Alkane → haloalkane

X2, UV

Alcohol → alkene

H+, heat

Primary alcohol → aldehyde → carboxylic acid

K2Cr2O7, H+, distillation → aldehyde.

Reflux→ carboxylic acid

Secondary alcohol→ ketone

K2Cr2O7, H+, reflux

Alcohol→ haloalkane

NaX, H+, reflux

Haloalkane → nitrile

NaCN

Haloalkane → amine

NH3, ethanol

Haloalkane → alcohol

NaOH, heat, reflux

Alcohol → ester

carboxylic acid, H2SO4

Carboxylic acid → ester

Alcohol, H2SO4

Ester → carboxylate and alcohol

NaOH

Ester → carboxylic acid

dilute acid

carboxylic acid→ acyl chloride

SOCl2

acyl chloride → carboxylic acid

H2O

Aldehyde → hydroxynitrile

NaCN, H+

Acyl chloride → primary amide

NH3

Acyl chloride → secondary amide

Primary amine

benzene→ methylbenzene

CH3Cl, AlCl3

benzene→ halobenzene

X2, halogen carrier

benzene→ phenylethanone

CH3COCl, AlCl3

benzene → nitrobenzene

HNO3, H2SO4

nitrobenzene→ phenylamine

Sn, HCl → NaOH

phenylethanone → 1-phenylethanol

NaBH4/ [H]

phenylamine → 2,4,6 tribromoaminobenzene.

3Br2