The Crusades Unit 6 Topic 2

The Crusades

Series of wars (1096 - 1291) between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land.

Holy Land

The region that includes Jerusalem and parts of Israel, which was the focus of the Crusades.

Council of Clermont

A meeting in 1095 where Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade and granted indulgences to those who fought.

Plenary indulgence

A full pardon for sins that was granted to those participating in the Crusades.

Crusader States

Seven kingdoms/dominions established in the Holy Land after the capture of Jerusalem in 1099.

Outremer

A term used to refer to the Crusader states in the Holy Land.

Fall of Jerusalem

The capture of Jerusalem by Muslim forces under Saladin in 1187.

Saladin

The Muslim leader who captured Jerusalem in 1187 during the Crusades.

Effects of the Crusades

Included increased religious tension, heightened trade with the Middle East, and a rise in papal authority.

Sack of Constantinople

The attack by crusader forces on Constantinople in 1209, leading to further divisions between Catholics and Orthodox Christians.