Chemie examen Alcoholen

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11 Terms

1

Alcoholen

  • minsten 1 -OH

  • ALLEMAAL GIFTIG!!!

  • CnH2n+1OH

  • -OH groep (hydroxylgroep)

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2

Hoe ontstaan alcoholen?

  1. gisting van suikers

  2. alkenen + H2O = alkanolen

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3

Naam alcoholen

alkaan-nummer -OH-ol (porpaan-1-ol)

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4

Toepassingen opsommen

  1. Methanol

  2. Ethanol

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5

Methanol

  • CH3OH

  • kan gemaakt worden uit aardgas en biomassa

  • kleurloze zeer giftige vloeistof(kookpunt = 65℃)

  • kan je kopen als brandspiritus/brandalcohol

  • brandspiritus wordt gebruikt als brandstof bij gourmet-/fonduesetjes

  • scheutje spiritus in emmer water → minder strepen blijven achter bij ramen wassen

  • Ecologische brandstof want heeft maar 1 C → minder CO2 (in onderzoek), speciale brandstofcellen → methanol splitst in C, H2, O2

  • oplosbaar in water → oplosmiddel organische stoffen (lijm, verf, vet …)

  • in de industrie is methanol belangrijke grondstof → oplosmiddelen, kunststoffen, kleurstoffen, geneesmiddelen …

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6

Ethanol

  • Enige drinkbare alcohol

  • C2H5OH

  • ontstaan: H2O + etheen, gisting suikerhoudende grondstoffen

  • ontsmettingsmiddel labo-materiaal (oplossen in water: 70% volume)

  • in sommige landen wordt bio-ethanol bij benzine gedaan om petroleum te besparen

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7

most(druivensap) →

appelsap →

Wort →

wijn, champagne

cider

bier

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8

Op wat werkt alcohol?

In je hersenen op de neurotransmitters GABA en glutamaat → minder prikkels ontvangen → verdovend effect

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9

gevolgen van verdovend effect

lichaamsfuncties werken minder goed

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10

zwaar overmatig gebruik

→ ademhaling, hart verdoven → coma belanden/ dood g

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11

matig gebruik

→ lever breekt dat af 1.5 uur per glas

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