Measures of Association in Epidemiology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to measures of association in epidemiology.

Cumulative Incidence

The proportion of a population that develops a disease during a specified period.

Incidence Rate

The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population over a specified time period.

Prevalence

The proportion of individuals in a population who have a certain disease at a specific point in time.

Attributable Risk

The excess risk of disease in the exposed population compared to the unexposed.

Relative Risk

The ratio of the risk of disease in the exposed group to the risk in the unexposed group.

Odds Ratio

A measure of association between exposure and an outcome, calculated as the odds of exposure among cases divided by the odds among controls.

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

The number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome.

Attributable Proportion (AR%)

The percentage of the disease risk among the exposed that is attributable to the exposure.

Risk Difference (RD)

The difference in the risk of an outcome between two groups.

Population Attributable Risk

The proportion of disease incidence in the population that is attributable to the exposure.