3Urinary

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

An enlargement of the prostate of a man as he ages, resulting in difficult urination

What is a urinary tract infection?

Presence of bacteria in the urinary tract

What are common localized symptoms of a urinary tract infection?

Blood in the urine, fever, and burning sensation

Thiazide diuretics

Adjunctive therapy in cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension.

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of thiazide diuretics?

Promotes sodium and water excretion in the urine.

What effect do thiazide diuretics have on sodium levels in blood vessels?

They result in lower sodium levels in blood vessels.

How do thiazide diuretics affect vasoconstriction?

They reduce vasoconstriction.

Thiazide diuretics adverse reactions

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, and photosensitivity

Thiazide diuretics drug interactions

Dofetilide and fibric acid derivatives

Thiazide diuretics contraindications/cautions

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, anuria, renal, or hepatic impairment.

What dietary changes may patients on thiazide diuretics be advised to make?

Patients may be advised to take potassium supplements or to add bananas or oranges to their diet.

When should thiazide diuretics be taken?

Diuretics should be taken early in the day.

Should thiazide diuretics be taken with food?

Yes, thiazide diuretics should be taken with food.

What precaution should be taken regarding sunlight exposure while on thiazide diuretics?

Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Loop diuretics indication

Adjunctive therapy in cardiovascular disease such as hypertension

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle.

What is the result of loop diuretics' action on the kidneys?

Increased urinary excretion of water.

Loop diuretics adverse reactions

Low levels of sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and potassium

Loop diuretics drug interactions

Aminoglycosides, oral hypoglycemic, and lithium

Loop diuretics contraindications/cautions

Electrolyte imbalances, anuria, and hepatic coma

What dietary changes may patients on loop diuretics be advised to make?

Patients may be advised to take potassium supplements or to add bananas or oranges to their diet.

What should patients on loop diuretics avoid?

Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Adjunctive therapy in cardiovascular issues such as hypertension

Potassium-sparing diuretics MOA

Exchange of sodium excreted in urine to returning potassium to the body

Potassium-sparing diuretics adverse reactions

Hyperkalemia, arrrhythmias, and gynecomastia in males

Potassium-sparing diuretics drug interactions

Potassium-containing medications and lithium

Potassium-sparing diuretics contraindications/cautions

Hyperkalemia, renal impairment, and anuria

Why should potassium-sparing diuretics be avoided in patients taking ACE inhibitors?

Due to their potassium-sparing effect.

What should be avoided when taking potassium-sparing diuretics?

Salt substitutes.

What type of juice should be avoided with potassium-sparing diuretics?

Grapefruit juice.

When should diuretics be taken?

Early in the day.

ɑ-Blockers

Indications: Hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy

ɑ-Blockers MOA

Relaxes smooth muscles, especially in the prostatic tissue, resulting in a reduction of urinary symptoms.

ɑ-Blockers adverse reactions

Orthostatic hypotension, headache, and dizziness

ɑ-Blockers drug interactions

Tadalafil

ɑ-Blockers contraindications/cautions

Patients with hepatic impairment, hypotension, or who have undergone cataract surgery

ɑ-Blockers comments

Should not be discontinued without physician supervision.

What is the generic name and brand name of the renal disease agent that comes in tablet form and is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Generic name: cinacalcet, Brand name: Sensipar

What is the generic name and brand name of the renal disease agent that comes in solution form and is used to treat anemia?

Generic name: darbepoetin, Brand name: Aranesp

What is the generic name and brand names of the renal disease agent that comes in solution form and is used to treat anemia?

Generic name: Epoetin alfa, Brand names: Epogen, Procrit

What is the generic name and brand name of the renal disease agent that comes in solution form and is used for iron supplementation?

Generic name: Iron dextran, Brand name: INFeD

What is the generic name and brand name of the renal disease agent that comes in tablet form and is used to control phosphate levels?

Generic name: sevelamer, Brand name: Renagel

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name 'capsule' used to treat prostatic carcinomas?

Flutamide

What is the brand name of goserelin?

Zoladex

What is the dosage form of goserelin?

Implant

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name 'Eligard'?

Leuprolide

What is the dosage form of leuprolide?

Powder for injection

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name 'Megace'?

Megestrol

What is the brand name of megestrol in its extended strength form?

Megace ES

What is the dosage form of megestrol?

Suspension

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name 'Nilandron'?

Nilutamide

What is the dosage form of nilutamide?

Tablet

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name Hiprex or Urex?

Methenamine

What is the indication for methenamine?

Urinary tract infection

What is the dosage form of methenamine?

Tablet

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand name Pyridium?

Phenazopyridine

What is the indication for phenazopyridine?

Dysuria

What is the dosage form of phenazopyridine?

Tablet

What is the generic name of the medication with the brand names Detrol and Detrol LA?

Tolterodine

What is the indication for tolterodine?

Overactive bladder

What is the dosage form of tolterodine?

Tablet