Other Subject
anatomy
physiology
science
tissue level
tissues
tissue and aging
tissue membrane
secretion
classification of connective tissues
muscle tissue
motion
Types of Tissues
The Four Types of Tissues
Embryonic Origin of Tissues
Connective Tissue Membranes
Epithelial Tissue
Cell to Cell Junctions
Simple Epithelium
Stratified Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
Methods and Types of Secretion
Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Classification of Connective Tissues
University/Undergrad
Nervous tissue
is also excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body.
Epithelial tissue
also referred to as epithelium, refers to the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways, and forms certain glands.
Connective tissue
as its name implies, binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
Muscle tissue
is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement.
totipotent
meaning each has the capacity to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism.
ectoderm
(ecto-= âouterâ)
mesoderm
(meso- = âmiddleâ)
endoderm
(endo- = âinnerâ)
tissue membrane
is a thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (for example, skin), the organs (for example, pericardium), internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body (for example, abdominal mesenteries), and the lining of the moveable joint cavities.
connective tissue membrane
is formed solely from connective tissue.
synovial membrane
is a type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable joint.
epithelial membrane
is composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue, for example, your skin.
mucous membrane
is also a composite of connective and epithelial tissues.
lamina propria
(literally âown layerâ), helps support the fragile epithelial layer.
serous membrane
is an epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called the mesothelium that is supported by connective tissue.
cutaneous membrane
The skin is an epithelial membrane also called the
cell junction
Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between their cell membranes called a
basal lamina
a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue.
reticular lamina
which is secreted by the underlying connective tissue, forming a basement membrane that helps hold it all together.
tight junction
which separates the cells into apical and basal compartments.
anchoring junction
includes several types of cell junctions that help stabilize epithelial tissues.
gap junction
forms an intercellular passageway between the membranes of adjacent cells to facilitate the movement of small molecules and ions between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
simple squamous epithelium
have the appearance of thin scales.
endothelium
is the epithelial tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular
mesothelium
is a simple squamous epithelium that forms the surface layer of the serous membrane that lines body cavities and internal organs.
simple cuboidal epithelium
the nucleus of the box-like cells appears round and is generally located near the center of the cell.
simple columnar epithelium
the nucleus of the tall column-like cells tends to be elongated and located in the basal end of the cells.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
is a type of epithelium that appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells.
goblet cell
is a mucous-secreting unicellular âglandâ interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells of mucous membranes.
Stratified squamous epithelium
is the most common type of stratified epithelium in the human body.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium
can also be found in certain glands and ducts, but are uncommon in the human body.
transitional epithelium
so-called because of the gradual changes in the shapes of the apical cells as the bladder fills with urine.
Glandular Epithelium
A gland can be classified as an endocrine gland, a ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (endo- = âinsideâ), or an exocrine gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (exo- = âoutsideâ).
Merocrine secretion
is the most common type of exocrine secretion.
Apocrine secretion
accumulates near the apical portion of the cell.
holocrine secretion
involves the rupture and destruction of the entire gland ce<del>l</del>l.
serous gland
produces watery, blood-plasma-like secretions rich in enzymes such as alpha amylase
mucous gland
releases watery to viscous products rich in the glycoprotein mucin.
matrix
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a
ground substance
major component of matrix
mesenchyme
the stem cell line from which all connective tissues are later derived.
mucous connective tissue
A second type of embryonic connective tissue forms in the umbilical cord
Connective tissue
proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.
Supportive connective tissue
bone and cartilageâprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues.
fluid connective tissue
in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins.
fibroblast
The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper
fibrocyte
a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper.
Adipocytes
are cells that store lipids as droplets that fill most of the cytoplasm.
mesenchymal cell
is a multipotent adult stem cell.
Collagen fiber
is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber.
Elastic fiber
contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins
Reticular fiber
is also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network.
Adipose tissue
consists mostly of fat storage cells, with little extracellular matrix.
Areolar tissue
It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion.
Reticular tissue
is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver.
lacunae (singular = lacuna)
Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy
Hyaline cartilage
the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans.
Fibrocartilage
is tough because it has thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix.
Elastic cartilage
contains elastic fibers as well as collagen and proteoglycans.
Bone
hardest connective tissue
Skeletal muscle
is attached to bones and its contraction makes possible locomotion, facial expressions, posture, and other voluntary movements of the body.
striation
is due to the regular alternation of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, along with the structural proteins that couple the contractile proteins to connective tissues.
Cardiac muscle
forms the contractile walls of the heart.
Smooth muscle
tissue contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs.
Neurons
propagate information via electrochemical impulses, called action potentials, which are biochemically linked to the release of chemical signals.
Neuroglia
play an essential role in supporting neurons and modulating their information propagation.
myelin
A long âtail,â the axon, extends from the neuron body and can be wrapped in an insulating layer known as
Astrocyte cells
named for their distinctive star shape, are abundant in the central nervous system.
Oligodendrocyte cells
produce myelin in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) while the Schwann cell produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
Inflammation
is the standard, initial response of the body to injury.
Necrosis
or accidental cell death, causes inflammation.
Apoptosis
is programmed cell death, a normal step-by-step process that destroys cells no longer needed by the body.
vasodilation
Upon tissue injury, damaged cells release inflammatory chemical signals that evoke local
Clotting
(coagulation) reduces blood loss from damaged blood vessels and forms a network of fibrin proteins that trap blood cells and bind the edges of the wound together.
primary union
describes the healing of a wound where the edges are close together.
secondary union
occurs as the edges of the wound are pulled together by what is called wound contraction.
atrophy
Many tissues, including those in muscles, lose mass through a process
Aging
is also apparent at the cellular level because all cells experience changes with aging.