Chapter 16 and 14 Review

Flashcards for Chapter 16 and 14 lecture review.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Carry blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Connect to assist with O2 and CO2 exchange.

Tunica media

The thickest part of the vessel wall in arteries.

Elastic arteries

Conducting arteries.

Muscular arteries

Distributing arteries.

Large veins

Venae cavae (superior and inferior vena cava), pulmonary veins, internal jugular veins.

Medium veins

Radial and ulnar veins of the forearm, saphenous veins in the legs.

3 passive transports that exchange nutrients between blood vessels and tissue

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration.

Path of pulmonary circulation

Right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium.

Path of systemic circulation

Left ventricle -> aorta -> body tissues -> veins -> right atrium.

Arterial pulses

Radial (wrist), carotid (neck), brachial (inner elbow), femoral, dorsalis pedis (top of foot), popliteal (behind knee).

Universal donor

Type O.

Universal recipient

Type AB.

RhoGAM

RH- moms who become pregnant with RH+ babies are treated with RhoGAM.

Erythroblastosis fetalis

When the mom's blood attacks the fetus's blood cells.

Circle of Willis

A circle of arteries at the base of the brain.

Portal vein

Takes blood to the liver.

Blood pressure readings

Ventricles contract (systolic reading); ventricles relax (diastolic reading).

3 factors that affect blood pressure

Cardiac output, blood volume, resistance.

Atherosclerosis

The buildup of plaque in the lumen of arterial walls.

What causes blood pressure to rise?

Renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), epinephrine, norepinephrine.

What causes blood pressure to decrease?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

One-way valves in the veins of the leg

Keep gravity from pulling the blood toward the foot.

Plasma

Red blood cells are suspended in this.

Official name for red blood cells

Erythrocytes.

Hemoglobin

Carries oxygen.

Hemoglobin

Carries CO2 (globin portion).

Why red blood cells can't reproduce

They lack a nucleus and DNA.

Red bone marrow

Produces blood cells.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Released from the kidney to stimulate RBC production.

What happens when RBCs are broken down

Globin is broken down into amino acids.

Lack of Vitamin B12 can cause

Pernicious anemia.

Technical name for WBC

Leukocytes.

Neutrophils

Attacks bacteria.

Eosinophils

Involved in allergic reactions and kill parasites.

Basophils

Secrete heparin to prevent clots.

Lymphocytes

Lives the longest (weeks to decades).

Monocytes

Largest of the WBC.

Leukopenia

When WBC count is low.

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Collect to create a clot.

Plasminogen

Converted into plasmin to break up clots.

What blood types are determined by

Antigens on the surface of a RBC.