McGraw Chapter 13 US History

McGraw Chapter 13 US History

Under the policy known as "massive retaliation," President Eisenhower was willing to threaten to use nuclear weapons in order to

prevent wars from starting.

As World War II ended, what two concerns most influenced Soviet leaders' strategies for the post-war world?

security and promoting communism

At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Allied leaders agreed to

divide Germany among four Allied powers.

In 1950, with Senator McCarthy and others arousing fears of Communist spies, Congress passed the Internal Security Act, usually called the

McCarran Act.

Issued at the Yalta Conference, the Declaration of Liberated Europe asserted that the people of Europe have the right to

choose their own form of government through democratic means.

In the late 1940s, President Truman saw the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan as essential for

containment.

Which of the following events shocked Americans and resulted in a dramatic shift in American policy to Japan?

the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949

Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev boasted about victory in the Cold War for the Soviet Union after the

launching of Sputnik.

The purpose of the project code-named "Venona," one element of the post-World War II Red Scare, was to

crack the Soviet spy code.

The Korean War began when

North Korean troops invaded the south.

One reason for President Eisenhower's massive retaliation policy was his belief that winning the Cold War would require not just military action, but also a

strong economy.

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were American civilians who were charged with

passing atomic secrets to the Soviets.

The McCarran act barred Communists from having passports or traveling abroad, and

allowed the arrest of Communists in case of a national emergency.

At the Potsdam Conference in 1945, President Harry Truman told Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States had developed a new, unusually destructive weapon—the ____ ____.

atomic bomb

In July 1953, negotiators signed an ______________ concerning Korea, with the battle line between the two sides becoming the border between North and South Korea.

armistice

In 1945, many American leaders believed that the _____ _____ and the subsequent reduction in world trade were among the causes of World War II.

Great Depression

Under President Eisenhower, CIA covert operations in Eastern Europe led to

riots and, ultimately, to a unsuccessful anti-Communist uprising in Hungary.

CIA covert operations in Iran and Guatemala during the early years of the Cold War

achieved American objectives.

In an attempt to prevent a Communist revolution in Asia, the United States sent $2 billion in aid beginning in the mid-1940s to

Chinese Nationalists.

The Korean War marked a turning point in the Cold War, leading to a major military buildup and to

American military involvement in Asia.

In the long run, the Truman Doctrine committed the United States to

a pledge to fight communism.

As World War II was ending, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's goal for establishing a new international political organization was to

prevent another world war.

By 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that the key to keeping the world at peace was

economic growth.

The Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in response to a decision by NATO to

allow West Germany to rearm and join the organization.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed for the purpose of

mutual defense.

Under President Eisenhower, the CIA ran covert operations in countries where the threat of communism seemed strong in order to

overthrow anti-American leaders and replace them with pro-American leaders.

Popular support for Senator Joseph McCarthy began to fade when

millions watched him bully witnesses in televised hearings investigating the Army.

United Nations troops in Korea were driven back across the 38th parallel in an attack by

China

First published in 1946, John Hersey's nonfiction book Hiroshima underscored the real, personal horrors of a nuclear attack and

caused some Americans to question the use of the atomic bomb on Japan.

The official purpose of President Truman's loyalty review program was to

screen all federal employees for "loyalty."

Critics of President Eisenhower's strategy of brinkmanship argued that it was

too dangerous.

President Eisenhower's strategy of brinkmanship could prevent wars, but it could not

prevent Communists from staging revolutions within countries.

During the _____ _____, General Douglas MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb against China.

Korean War

At the _____ conference in February 1945, delegates met to discuss a new organization which was to be called the United Nations.

Potsdam

Today, U.S. troops are still based in

South Korea

President Dwight D. Eisenhower's defense policy resulted in

significant cuts in military spending.

Under the Cold War policy of __, the United States aimed to keep communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions.

containmen

Egypt seized control of the __, sparking a crisis to which President Eisenhower responded by threatening massive retaliation.

Suez Canal

At the Yalta conference, Stalin disagreed with Roosevelt and Churchill about who should be recognized as the legitimate government of __.

Poland

At the end of World War II, the Allies divided __ at the 38th parallel of latitude.

Korea

During __ Senate hearings in the spring of 1954, army lawyer Joseph Welch brought about the end of Senator Joseph McCarthy's influence.

televised

In confrontations with other nations, President Eisenhower often used __, or going to the edge of war to force the other side to back down.

brinkmanship

Seeing the island as part of the "anti-Communist barrier" in Asia that needed to be protected at all costs, President Eisenhower asked Congress to authorize the use of force to defend __.

Taiwan

The first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, called __, was launched in 1957.

Sputnik

As punishment for Senator McCarthy, the Senate ultimately passed a vote of __, or formal disapproval.

censure

Senator Joseph McCarthy's tactic of blackening reputations with vague and unfounded charges became known as __.

mccarthyism

During President Eisenhower's administration, many CIA operations took place in nations with primarily agricultural economies, known as __ nations.

developing

The Communist countries of Eastern Europe came to be called __ nations because they had to follow Soviet policies.

satellite