Lesson 5: Introduction to Biology

Aristotle

Father of biology

Hippocrates

Father or medicine

Robert Hooke

Cell biology

Anton van leuwenhoek

Observation and discovery of microorganisms

Carolus Linnaeus

Introduced binomial nomenclature of classifying species

Charles darwin

Theory of evolution

Louis pasteur

Pasteurization

• Vaccine against Rabies

• Microbial fermentation 

Edward Jenner

Vaccine

Martinus Beijerinck

Coined virus and became the father of virology

James watson and Francis Crick

DNA double helix structure

Gregor mendel

• Pioneered the study in genetics through his garden peas

Andreas Vesarius

• Father of Modern Anatomy 

Alexander Fleming

• Discovered world first antibiotics

Adaptation

• inheritable characteristics that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

Adaptations

• develop time and through many generations of the species. that are advantageous are on to řeproduce and generations.

Biology

Study of living things and their vital processes

Bios

Logos

__ meaning life and __ meaning study

Biology

This field deals with all the physiochemical aspects of life

Biology

The modern tendency toward cross-disciplinary research and the unification of scientific knowledge and investigation from different fields has resulted in significant overlap of the field of biology with other scientific disciplines.

3.5 billion

Earth is ___ years old 

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Levels of biological organization

Spontaneous generation

Life came from non-living things

Spontaneous generation

What type of theory is the Primordial Soup Theory

Spontaneous Generation

All living things come from inorganic things

Spontaneous Generation

Biogenesis

Special Creation

Panspermia

Theories for the origin of life

Biogenesis

Life came from pre-existing life or living things 

Frencisco Redi

Who proved the Biogenesis theory

Panspermia

Living things came from outside sources 

Meteor having organic molecules landed on earth and created life

Panspermia

Life came from other planets

Special Creation

God created everything including life 

Life was created by a higher being

Primordial Soup Theory

Life started in a primordial soup of organic molecules

Primordial Soup Theory

Some form of energy from lightning combined with the chemicals in the atmosphere to make the building blocks of protein known as Amino Acids

Amino acids

Building blocks of protein

Alexander Oparin and John Haldane

Who proposed the primordial soup theory

Primordial Soup Theory

What is the most accepted theory for the origin of life

Carbon

Hyddrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Phosphorus

Sulfur

What are the 6 prior organic molecules? CHNOPS

Carbon

abundant in volcanic eruption

Hydrogen

abundant in water and atmosphere

nitrogen

abundant in atmosphere (78%)

Oxygen

abundant in air and atmosphere (21%)

Phosphorus

abundant in soil

Sulfur

volcanic areas

Electrical Discharge Experiment

Simulated the formation of organic molecules on the earth

Proved the primordial soup theory

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

Who proposed the Electrical Discharge Experiment

Homeostasis

Growth and Development

Reproduction

Heredity

Metabolism

Response to Environment

The 6 characteristics of life

Response to environment

All liging things detect changes in the environment and respond to them

Response to Environment

Sunflowers facing the sun because they are reacting to the stimuli it causes

Phototropism

tendency to look to the sun because it is the catalysts for everything

Growth and development

All living things grow and develop

Growth and Development

A plant seed may look like a lifeless pebble, but under the right circumstances it will grow

Growth

Change in size

Development

Change in self

Reproduction

The process by which living things give rise to offspring

Cannot adapt to environment

Cannot reproduce

There are two ways an organism can go extinct

homeostasis

All living things are able to maintain a more-or-less constant internal environment

Homeostasis

Ability of an organism to regulate internal conditions

Homeotherms

Warm blooded animals can keep a constant internal temperature. What are they called?

Poikilotherms

Cold blooded animals can have varying internal temperatures. What are they called?

Insulin

When blood sugar is too high, the pancreas produces ___, a hormone that triggers the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen (storage for quick energy). Blood glucose declines.

Glucagon

When blood sugar is low, the alpha cells in pancreas release ____, a hormone that triggers the liver to break down glycogen to release glucose. Blood sugar level rises

Complex chemistry

Living things consist of large, complex molecules and they also undergo many complicated chemical changes to stay alive.

Metabolism

Organisms acquire and process energy

Metabolism

Living organisms obtain energy from the food that they eat

Photosynthesis

Plants convert the energy from the sun into sugar.

Autotrophs

Organisms capable of making their own food

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot manufacture their own food and rely mainly on plants and animals

Cell

basic unit of the structure and function of living things

Viruses

• Non-living things 

• They are microscopic and cause human diseases 

Viruses

Unlike bacteria, they are cellular particles (not made up of living cells like plants and animals) consisting instead of a central core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a coating of protein

Viruses

They don’t reproduce independently but must replicate by invading living cells

Physical Adaptation

Are body structures that help an organism find and consume food and water, protect itself, cope with tough environments, and reproduce.

Behavioral Adaptation

Are actions an organism takes to survive.

Vestigial Structure

A physical structure that has lost most or all of its original function in a given species

All living things are made of cells

Cell is the basic unit of life

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Three basic laws of life