Pharm/Tox Enzymes and Cofactors
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28 Terms
Hydroxylation
CYP
Epoxidation
CYP
Dealkylation
CYP
Oxidative dehalogenation
CYP
Ester Cleavage
CYP
Oxidative Deamination
MAO or CYP
Oxidative Desulfuration
CYP
N-Oxidation
CYP or FMO (3*)
S-oxidation
FMO
Beta Oxidation
Mitochondrial enzymes + CoA
Purine/Pyrimidine Oxidation
Xanthine or aldehyde oxidase
Alcohol Oxidation
Alcohol dehydrogenase + NAD+
Aldehyde Oxidation
Aldehyde dehydrogenase + H2O + NAD+
Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenation
Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase + NADP+
Azo Reduction
CYP (anaerobic)
Nitro Reduction
CYP (anaerobic)
Quinone 2e- Reduction
NQO1 +NADPH
Carbonyl Reduction
Aldo-Keto Reductase + NADPH (Aldehydes)
Short Chain Reductase + NADPH
Carbonyl Reductase + NADPH (Ketones)
Alcohol Dehydrogenase + NADH
Epoxide Hydrolysis
Epoxide Hydrolase + H2O
Ester/Amide Hydrolysis
Esterase or Amidase + H2O
Peptide/Protein Hydrolysis
Peptidase or Protease + H2O
Glucuronidation
UGTransferase + UDPGA
Sulfation
SULT + PAPS
Glutathione Conjugation
Glutathione Transferase + Glutathione
Glutathione Peroxide Conjugation
GPx + 2 GSH
Acetylation
N-Acetyl transferase + Acetyl CoA
Methylation
Methyltransferase + SAM
Amino Acid Conjugation
Many Enzymes + Glycine + CoA
