Integumentary system :/

this is gonna be rough

Functions of the skin

Protection, Thermoregulation, Cutaneous Sensation, vitamin D synthesis, Blood Reservoir, Excretion and Absorption.

Deepest layer of epidermis

stratum basale

Outermost layer of epidermis

stratum corneum

Dermis

true skin layer; contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles

papillary layer

Outermost layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis

reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

Pigments that determine skin color

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Erythema, or redness, of the skin may indicate

Embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergy

Pallor, or blanching, of the skin may indicate

fear, stress, anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

Jaundice, or yellow cast, of the skin may indicate

liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are absorbed into the blood, circulated throughout the body, and deposited in body tissues

Bruising of the skin may indicate

a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet or hemophilia

What happens to cells as they are pushed to the surface of the epidermis

they begin to keratinize and die

What are the two groups of cutaneous glands

sebaceous (oil) and sweat glands

Which glands are broken into two subgroups: exocrine and apocrine?

sweat glands

Eccrine glands

supplied with nerve endings that cause them to secrete sweat when external temperatures or body temperature is high

Apocrine glands

largely confined to the axillary and genital areas of the body and function during puberty

What is the purpose of arrector pill muscles

In insulation (defense mechanism in animals)

Cyanotic nails

lack of oxygen in blood \= blue nail beds

Which type of sensory nerve detects deep pressure

Pacinian Corpuscle

Which type of sensory nerve detects light pressure

Meissner's Corpuscle

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Deep to the dermis; not technically part of the skin; made of adipose tissue; helps insulate

cutaneous membrane (skin)

covers the surface of the body

mucous membrane (mucosa)

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.

serous membrane (serosa)

the moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities

karatinocytes

Cells within the epidermis that produce keratin

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

Langherhans cells

Macrophages that help activate the immune system

Markel cells

touch receptors in the skin

cutaneous plexus

network of blood vessels between reticular layer and hypodermis

Rule of 9's

Calculations for assessing percentage of body surface burned.

Burns

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

1st degree burn

Only the epidermis (red, painful, and edema)

2nd degree burn

epidermis and part of dermis (blistered)

3rd degree burn

Full thickness damage through skin into nerves and muscles

basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

Melonoma

most dangerous cancer

Impetigo

inflammatory skin disease with pustules that rupture and become crusted

Tinea (athlete's foot)

infection of the skin caused by a fungus

Warts

Warts are growths on your skin caused by virus

Boils

inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

acne

inflammatory disease of the skin involving the hair follicles getting dirty

Psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

eczma

pruritic scaly, dry skin, red patches,

Rosacea

Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly on the nose and cheeks

Urticaria (hives)

acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

alopecia

baldness