N244 Unit 1 Lecture-Only + Key Terms

Optic Nerve (CN II)

Sensory nerve

carries visual data from the retina to the brain. Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Motor and parasympathetic nerve

controls pupil constriction and most eye movements. Cerebral Edema

Swelling of brain tissue from abnormal fluid accumulation, increasing ICP. Normal Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

normal range is 275-295 mOsm/kg. Hypertonic Saline

Concentrated sodium solution that draws water from cells to reduce cerebral edema and ICP. Cervical Precautions

calculated as MAP minus ICP (normal 60-100 mmHg). Spinal Shock

Temporary loss of motor, sensory, reflex, and autonomic function below a spinal injury. Autonomic Dysreflexia

often causes a lucid interval before rapid decline. Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH)

Slow-bleeding between the dura and arachnoid mater, often from torn veins in older adults. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

famous for a sudden, extreme thunderclap headache. Monro-Kellie Doctrine

The skull contains brain tissue, blood, and CSF

an increase in one requires a decrease in others. Actions that Increase ICP

Valsalva maneuver, coughing, straining, and bearing down. Three Buckets of IICP Causes

infratentorial initially uses a flat HOB and lateral position. Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy Monitoring

Monitor for CSF leakage via nasal drip and watch for DI versus SIADH. Phenytoin (Dilantin) Therapeutic Range

monitor LFTs and albumin. Status Epilepticus Drug of Choice

Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam)

antidote is flumazenil. Mannitol Purpose

Osmotic diuretic administered IV to pull fluid out of brain tissue and decrease ICP. Dexamethasone Purpose