Lab Exam 2 Physiology

What is systole?

Contraction of the heart.

What is diastole?

Relaxation of the heart.

What is stroke volume?

The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat.

What reaction determines blood typing when using antibodies?

Agglutination reaction, when RBC's clump up.

What does the Tallquist method determine?

Hemoglobin concentration.

What blood type is the universal donor?

O negative.

What blood type is the universal recipient?

AB positive.

What is anemia?

Low RBC count.

What is plasma?

Liquid portion of blood.

What is serum?

Plasma without clotting factors (fibrin and fibrinogen), still contains platelets.

What is leukemia?

Excess of WBC's, form of blood cancer. Cells are immature and dysfunctional.

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

the volume of gas that can be forcefully exhaled at the end of an unforced exhalation.

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

Max amount of air you inhale after normal inhalation.

What is residual volume (RV)?

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration.

What is tidal volume (TV)?

Normal volume of air that comes in and out with every breath.

What is vital capacity (VC)?

Max amount of air that you exhale after forced inhalation.

What instrument was used to measure the lung volumes above?

Spirometers.

What is the purpose for testing for pH in urine?

Tests for acid bases.

What is the Albustix test?

Tests for protein in the urine.

What is the Benedict's test?

Test for reducing sugars.

What is clinitest or aim tab?

Test for sugars.

What is the clinistix or diastix test?

Tests for sugars and tests for biosalts; sulfur is added.

What is the Hay's test?

Test for bio salts; if sulfur floats, that means there are no bio salts present.

What is the ketostix test?

Test for ketone bodies.

What is the acetest or aimtab for ketones?

Tests for ketone bodies.

What is the hemastix test?

Tests for blood in the urine; can be indicative of kidney damage.

What was the urine hydrometer?

Used to measure the specific gravity of urine; specific gravity is how much solute is in the urine.

If there is a tube with starch and distilled water, what will the starch and maltose test as?

Positive starch and negative maltose.

If there is a tube with starch and saliva, what will the starch and maltose test as?

Negative starch and positive maltose.

If there is a tube with starch + saliva + HCl, what will the starch and maltose test as?

Negative starch and positive maltose.

If there is a tube with starch + boiled saliva, what will the starch and maltose test as?

Positive starch and negative maltose.

What can you conclude about the activity of salivary amylase with respect to pH and temperature?

The higher the pH and temperature, the enzyme becomes denatured and unable to digest starch.

If there is a tube with egg + water, will it be digested and what is the pH?

Negative and pH 7.

If there is a tube with egg + pepsin, will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 4.

If there is a tube with egg + pepsin + HCl, will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 1.

If there is a tube with egg + pepsin + HCl on ice, will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 1.

If there is a tube with egg + pepsin + NaOH, will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 10.

What can you conclude about the activity of pepsin with respect to pH and temperature?

The optimum pH for pepsin activity ranges from 1.6 to 2.

What is bile?

Fat emulsifier.

What is pancreatin?

A mixture of pancreatic enzymes.

With a tube of cream and bile what is the initial color?

Pink.

With a tube of cream and bile, what is the color after 20 minutes?

Pink.

With a tube of cream and bile, what is the color after 40 minutes?

Pink.

With a tube of cream and pancreatin what is the initial color?

Pink.

With a tube of cream and pancreatin, what is the color after 20 min?

Orange.

With a tube of cream and pancreatin, what is the color after 40 min?

Orange.

With a tube of cream, bile, and pancreatin what is the initial color?

Pink.

With a tube of cream, bile, and pancreatin, what is the color after 20 min?

Yellow.

With a tube of cream, bile, and pancreatin, what is the color after 40 min?

Yellow.

What conclusion can you make on the activity of lipase and bile salts on fat digestion?

Lipases and bile salts play important roles in fat digestion.

What is the function of bile salts pertaining to fat digestion?

Emulsification; physical breakdown of big glob of fat into smaller triglycerides.

What is the function of lipase?

Digests triglyceride molecules; fully carries out chemical digestion.

How do you calculate cardiac output?

Stroke volume x heart rate.

What is the first step of calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) with 125/75?

Getting PP which is 125-75=50.

What is the second step of calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) with 125/75?

Diastole + (PP/3) = (MAP) -> 75 + (50/3) = 91.6.

How do you measure hematocrit value with a given tube?

Measure the volume of packed cells and the height of the tube itself, divide it, multiply it by 100 and turn it into a percentage. Ex. 4.2 cm of PACKED/ 9 cm total height = 0.47 × 100 = 47%