Lab Exam 2 Physiology

What is systole?

Contraction of the heart

What is diastole?

Relaxation of the heart

What is stroke volume?

the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

What reaction determines blood typing when using antibodies?

Aggulination reaction, when RBC's clump up

What does the Tallquist method determine?

Hemoglobin concentration

What blood type is the universal donor?

O negative

What blood type is the universal recipient?

AB positive

What is anemia?

low RBC count

What is plasma?

liquid portion of blood

What is serum?

plasma without clotting factors(fibrin and fibrinogin) still contains platelets

What is leukemia?

excess of wbc's form of blood cancer. Cells are immature and dysfunctional

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

amount of air left behind in lungs when exhaling

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

max amount of air you inhale after normal inhalation

What is Residual volume (RV)?

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration

What is Tidal volume (TV)?

normal volume of air that comes in and out with every breath

What is vital capacity (VC)?

based on scale of anatomy; max amount of air that you exhale after forced inhalation

What instrument was used to measure the lung volumes above?

Spirometers

What is the purpose for testing for pH in Urnie?

tests for acid bases

What is the Albustix test?

tests for protein in the urine

What is the Benedict's test?

Test for reducing sugars

What is clinitest or aim tab?

test for sugars

What is the clinistix or diastix test?

Tests for sugars and tests for biosalts. Sulfur is added.

What is the Hay's test?

Test for bio salts, if sulfur floats that means there are no bio salts present

What is the ketostix test?

test for ketone bodies

What is the acetest or aimtab ketones?

tests for ketone bodies

What is the hemastix test?

tests for blood in the urine; can be indicative of kidney damage

What was the urnine hydrometer?

Used to measure the specific gravity of urine. Specific gravity is how much solute is in the urine

If there is a tube with Starch and distilled water what will the starch and maltose test as?

Positive starch and negative maltose

If there is a tube with Starch and saliva what will the starch and maltose test as?

Negative starch and positive maltose

If there is a tube with Starch + saliva + HCl what will the starch and maltose test as?

Negative starch and positive maltose

If there is a tube with Starch + boiled saliva what will the starch and maltose test as?

Positive starch and negative maltose

What can you conclude about the activity of salivary amylase with respect to pH and temperature?

The higher of both the enzyme becomes denatured and unable to digest the starch

If there is a tube with Egg + water will it be digested and what is the pH?

Negative and pH 7

If there is a tube with Egg + pepsin will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 4

If there is a tube with Egg + Pepsin + HCL will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 1

If there is a tube with Egg + Pepsin + HCL on Ice will it be digested and what is the pH?

Positive and pH 1

If there is a tube with Egg + Pepsin + NaOH will it be digested and what is the pH?

Negative and pH 9

What can you conclude about the activity of pepsin with respect to pH and temperature?

The optimum pH for pepsin activity ranges from 1.6 to 2

What is bile?

fat emulsifier

What is pancreatin?

a mixture of pancreatic enzymes

With a tube of Cream and bile what is the initial color?

Pink

With a tube of Cream and bile what is the color after 20 minutes?

Pink

With a tube of Cream and bile what is the color after 40 minutes?

Pink

With a tube of Cream and pancreatin what is the initial color?

Pink

With a tube of Cream and pancreatin what is the color after 20 min?

orange

With a tube of Cream and pancreatin what is the color after 40 min?

orange

With a tube of Cream, bile and pancreatin what is the initial color?

Pink

With a tube of Cream, bile and pancreatin what is the color after 20 min?

Yellow

With a tube of Cream, bile and pancreatin what is the color after 40 min?

Yellow

What conclusion can you make on the activity of lipase and bile salts on fat digestion?

lipases and bile salts play important roles in fat digestion.

What is the function of bile salts pertaining to fat digestion?

Emulsification; physical break down of big glodb of fat into smaller triglycerides

Lipase is an enzyme found in the pancreatin mixture used in the experiment. What is the function of lipase?

Digests triglyceride molecules; fully carries out chemical digestion

How do you calculate cardiac output?

stroke volume x heart rate

What is the first step of calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) with 125/75

Getting PP which is 125-75=50

What is the second step of calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP) with 125/75

Diastole + ( PP/3)= (MAP) -> 75+ (50/3)= 91.6

How do you measure hematocrit value with a given tube?

Measure the volume of packed cells and the height of the tube itself and divide it and multiply it by 100 and turn it into a percentage Ex: 4.2 cm of PACKED/ 9 cm total height= .47 x 100 = 47%