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major economic makeup of the North in the mid 1800's
business and urban class, focused on factories and manufacturing, and textile mills. Stony soil made farming difficult.
Why north was ideal place for economic manufacturing centers in US
the north was very focused on expanding their business and commercial class; had an abundance of water power
Development of railroad systems (what connections did it lead the US to have?)
connected North to the Western farmlands and markets
Industrial Revolution in England and how it helped with migration of immigrants
offered new opportunities in cities and attracted people from farming comms, including Americans and immigrants.
Why immigrants came
rapid transportation, famines/revolutions back home, US opportunities especially after Industrialization
Economic makeup of the South in the mid 1800s
largely plantation agriculture/slavery, economy based on what people produced for themselves. Industry would develop slowly but eventually as a result of cotton grown by the slaves.
Who was dependent on who?
The South was dependent on the North for markets for crops and a source of manufactured goods
What invention spurred Westward migration and stimulated the growth of slavery in the South?
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin transformed cotton into a commodity/commercial crop of high demand especially in the South
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the U.S Supreme Court in 1801 who is largely responsible for establishing the Supreme Court's role in the federal government.
Marbury v. Madison
established judicial review (The Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches of the federal government.)
McCulloch v. Maryland
necessary and proper, federal gov can do what is necessary for government +implied powers + federal laws trump state laws
Gibbons v. Ogden
federal government's broad control of interstate commerce
What did all these cases do ultimately?
increase federal power over state power
Missouri Compromise
1820, when Missouri applied for statehood, which raised tensions between free and slave states (it would throw off balance of power/rep in Congress). The compromise was that Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine as a free state, slavery prohibited north of the 36'30 parallel
Acquisition of Florida
Spain had difficulties maintaining Florida as a result of conflict with their South American colonies and had slaves run away to Florida (an opportunity). The Adams-Onis Treaty in 1821 allowed the U.S to buy Florida for $5 million.
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
the western hemisphere is closed to european colonization and Euros could keep colonies, and the US can use force if need be; main purpose meant to warn Euros against interfering in Latin America as well
Corrupt Bargain and Henry Clay's involvement
Henry Clay was accused of backroom deals leading up to his appointment of Secretary of State and John Quincy Adams appointment as president. (1824)
Missouri Compromise (1820) + Nullification Crisis
led to a divide between northern and southern states
Nullification Crisis
early 1830s, conflict between Jackson gov and state of South Carolina over question of federal tariffs bc SC refused to enforce the tariffs (sectionalist problems, and state vs. federal power)
1820 Missouri Compromise and the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
led to political and economic changes in the U.S and changes provoked a debate over the expansion of slavery in America.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
gave territories the right to question the act of slavery through popular sovereignty/ popular vote (undid/repealed Missouri Compromise)
Bleeding Kansas (Reaction to what?)
A violent clash that occurred between Proslavery and AntiSlavery groups because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
Dred Scott
Dred Scott was a slave who was owned by John Emerson of Missouri
Dredd Scott V. Sanford
in 1846, Scott filed a lawsuit for his freedom in Missouri on the grounds that his residence in a free state had freed him. (rejected)
Embargo of 1807 (impact, cause)
America's refusal to trade and it prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port. Greatly affected the New England sector (northeast); occurred as a result of policy of neutrality/isolationism meant to avoid interfering with France and England.
War of 1812 (causes/effect, events that ended it/started it)
maintain neutrality, maintain stable economy, not be impressed by England, peace with Indians, and wanted England to respect independence; ended with Treaty of Ghent and Battle of New Orleans; ALSO british and french blockading American ships/trade routes was a MAIN cause
War Hawks (who, purpose)
faction within Congress that pushed for the war of 1812 because they wanted England to respect them.
Legacy of War of 1812
nationalism, diminishment of Federalist Party, developments, weakened N.A resistance
Henry Clay and the National Bank
a supporter of the National Bank, his American System included 3 major parts; the Protective Tariffs, National Bank, Internal improvements (19th century following w.o.1812)
What part of the internal improvement plans for the United States had the greatest impact on the North eastern region?
American System meant to expand as far as West (Great Lakes, Canals, Trade through Mississippi, ohio river, industries, railroads) EX: Erie Canal for Northeast
Factors that led to major changes in growing economy of US (1820s)
After war of 1812, nationalism, expansion of industry, infrastructure
American nationalism and growth
= growing economy
Era of Good Feelings (how it ended, what it is)
period of unity/prosperity economically + socially under (5) Prez James Monroe shaped by the younger generation. Began from 1816-1819 and ended because of *economic instability, sectionalist tensions, and debates of federal power/state power *
Panic of 1819 (how, effects)
the first great economic depression in the US that began when London banks were demanding the US to pay money + failure of the 2nd Bank; contributed to a slump after Era of Good Feelings and was most severe in the West
Tariff of 1816 (significance)
first of many protective tariffs meant to protect the U.S goods from foreign competition
Note 
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