APLAC VOCAB Butler

rhetorical choices

Decisions made by the author to create purpose

Diction

The word choice of the author

Tone

The attitude of an author has toward a subject

Syntax

Sentence structure

Metaphor

comparison not using like or as

Simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

Apostrophe

An address

Allusion

reference to something outside the text

Hyperbole

exaggeration

Irony

stating or portraying the opposite of the author's true feeling

Paradox

seeming contradiction

Epithet

name-calling

Euphemism

using a more polite term for a coarse or unpleasant term

Cause and Effect

one event leads to another

Classification

to categorize into smaller groups

Definition

the concrete or abstract meaning of something to an author

Process Analysis

a step-by-step breakdown of events

Comparison

to look for familiarities

Contrast

to look for differences

Analogy

the comparison of two things for the purpose of clarification

Narration

telling a story

Exposition

a description and explanation of an idea

Satire

corrective ridicule

Logos

to use facts/statistics to make a point

Pathos

to use emotion to manipulate an audiance

Ethos

to show expertise to support a point

Anadiplosis

(a technique where the) concluding word of a sentence or clause becomes the first word of the next sentence or clause

Epanalepsis

opening and closing a sentence with the same word or phrase for surprise and emphasis

Antimetabole

Repeating words in reverse order for surprise and emphasis

Chiasmus

Similar to antimetabole, but reversing the grammatical elements rather than just words, for emphasis.

Ellipsis

omission of one or more words for conciseness and drama

Asyndeton

omission of conjunction before the last item in a series

Anaphora

repetition of the initial word or phrase in a series of clauses or phrases for emphasis and rhythm

Parallism

repetition of words or grammatical elements to achieve cumulative force and rhythm

Antithesis

a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else

Hasty Generalization

a general conclusion is drawn about a sample instead of a population

Faulty Causality

presuming that a real or perceived relationship between things means one causes the other. Correlation doesn't equal causation

Begging the question

creates the illusion that the premise provides adequate support for a conclusion supporting the premise. (circular reasoning)

Equivication

using double meanings or ambiguities of language to mislead or misrepresent the truth

non sequitur

a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement

ad hominem

attacking the person rather than the argument

strawman

The arguer distorts another person's argument for the purpose of distracting the opponent

Slippery Slope

when the conclusion rests on a alleged unlikely chain of events

bandwagon

when you appeal to popularity or the fact the many people do something