AP Computer science

A series of 0s and 1s

Binary Sequences

An innovation that includes a computer or program code as an integral part of its functionality

Computing Innovation

To work together

Collaborate

A discrete representation of data

Digital Data

The smallest unit of data in a computer

Bits

inviting broad communities of people - customers, employees, independent scientists and researchers, and even the public at large - into the new product innovation process

Crowdsourcing

the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

Data Mining

A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer

Abstraction

A computer program that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support other programs and applications

Computing tool

The process of fixing or removing incorrect, corrupted, incorrectly formatted, duplicate, or incomplete data within a dataset

Cleaning data

A number system that had 10 digits, 0-9

Decimal

The numerical value that a digit had by virtue of its position in a number

Place value

a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem

Algorithm

A process based on repetition of steps and procedures

Iterative process

Work process and collection of software applications that facilitates different organizations to work together on the development of a product

Collaborative Development

A function that returns a true or false value instead of a numeric value

Boolean Function

A method of writing code that does not require knowledge of a particular programming language

Pseudo Code

A generic term for a type of programming statement that uses a Boolean condition to determine, or select, whether or not to run a certain block of statements

Iteration

The basic unit of information in computer storage and processing; consists of 8 adjacent binary digits, each of which being a 0 or 1

Byte

Used to make choices in code, such as by using IF, THEN, and ELSE fuctions to run different segments of the code

Selection

a true/false condition

Boolean condition

The process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs

Program development

Data whose unit can take on only two possible states

Binary Data

the physical parts of a computer

Hardware

A program development plan intended to avoid debugging by adding and testing only a small amount of code at a time.

Incremental Development

Processing involves computer applications that can recognize and interact with human language text

Natural language

The smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer data; contains a single binary value of 0 or 1

Bit

A series of instructions written by a programmer according to a given set of rules or conventions

Programing language

Putting commands in correct order so computers can read the commands

Sequencing

Consists of a series of steps programmers use to build computer programs

Programming

Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses

DNS

A set of rules governing the format of data sent over the Internet or other networks

IP

A group of two or more computer systems linked together

Networks

Software used to detect and eliminate computer viruses and other types of malware

Antivirus software

A protocol for controlling how Web browsers and servers pass information back and forth over the Internet

HTTP

THe process of deciding which path to take on a network

Routing

Technical rules governing data communications

Protocols

A new protocol developed to address the issue of IP address exhaustion

IPv6

A new method or device

Innovations

The websites and individual pages that host the content and visuals users interact with

World Wide Web

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time

Bandwidth

A protocol that provides for automatic assignment of IP routers to participating hosts to increase the availability and reliability of routing paths

Redundancy of routing

Traits you rely on when you interact and communicate with others

Interpersonal skills

information that is freely available online with few or no copyright restrictions

Open Access

Discrete representation of information

Digital Value

Program giving something to the user

Program Output

the operator used to assign a new value to a variable

Assignment Operator

a type of network that anyone (general public) has access, and through it, can connect to other networks or the Internet

public networks

programming that is offered at no cost and is a common class of small applications available for downloading and use in most operating systems

Freeware

Protocol that connects computers to the Internet and tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet.

TCP/IP

A computer connected to the Internet used to store, process, and deliver Web page documents.

web server

an ordered collection of elements

List

the user giving something to the program

program input

manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation.

data abstraction

actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and outputs that lead to certain outcomes

program execution

Relatively structured activities designed to mirror some of the challenges or decisions commonly faces in the work environment

Simulation

a form of program documentation written into the program to be read by people and do not affect how a program runs

comments

The instructions from a program to the computer to allow the computer to execute the program

program instructions

the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

software

the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device. This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse, and the appearance of a desktop

user interface

A computer file containing a program, or part of a program, that is capable of being executed in its current format.

executable program

developers and technical artists start the high-level design of the software and system to be able to deliver each requirement

design phase

a written description of how a command or piece of code works or was developed

program documentation

The computer execution of program instructions performed in the sequence established by a programmer

sequential execution

a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers

index

an ordered sequence of characters.

string

the process of dividing work into distinct phases to improve design, product management, and project management

development process

a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out.

code statement

the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.

Purpose

an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index

Element

how a program functions during execution and is often described by how a user interacts with it

Behavior Function

series of memory locations, each of which holds a single item of data, but with each location sharing the same name

Array

a collection of instructions that performs a specific task

Program

Portion of an object file or the corresponding section of the program's virtual address space that contains executable instructions

Code Segment

associated with an action and supplies input data to a program. Can be generated when a key is pressed, a mouse is clicked, a program is started, or by any other defined action that affects the flow of execution.

Event

a combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value

Expression

the collection and analysis of data relating to the natural world by members of the general public, typically as part of a collaborative project with professional scientists.

citizen science

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time

Analog Data

any trend or deviation from the truth in data collection, data analysis, interpretation and publication which can cause false conclusions

Bias (in data collection)

the extraction of knowledge from data based on algorithms created from training data

machine learning

reduction of a particular body of data to a simplified representation of the whole

Data Abstraction

information that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone with no existing local, national or international legal restrictions on access or usage.

Public Data

that processor speeds, or overall processing power for computers will double every two years

Moore's Law

Mathematical systems used to express values using a certain number of symbols, such as base ten that uses the digits 0-9, base 2 using only 0 and 1, base 8 using 0-7, and base 16 using 0-9 and A-F

Number bases

A number system that is based on two digits, 0 and 1

Binary numbers

Attributes of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the program intends to use the data

Data Types

A series of numbers that tells us where a particular device is on the internet network

IP adresses

The ability of a system to grow while maintaining the same quality

Scalability

A global network connecting millions of computer, making it possible to exchange information

The Internet

Shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information

Interfaces

Multiple pathways among the physical connections of the Internet. Even if one pathway in unavailable, there is still another way to transmit a message from sender to reciever

Redundancey

Process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow

Streaming

Data transmission where a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each one, and reassembled at the destination

Packet switching

software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.

Malware

Another term for code that constitutes a virus

Rogue

Unwanted

Unsolicited

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

KeyLogging

A link created with the purpose of promoting scams, attacks and frauds.

Malicious Link

to transfer a file from the Internet or other computer to your own computer

Download

An information retrieval system designed to help find information stored on a computer system

Search engines