bio

Anchoring Bias

relying too heavily on the first piece of information you come across

Blind Spot Bias

recognizing the flaws in other biases but not ours

Confirmation Bias

listening to and trusting only information that confirms your beliefs

Negatively Bias

focusing on negative events at the expense of positive or neutral events

Outcome Bias

making decisions based on the outcome of a previous event

Biosphere

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

Biodiversity

diversity of life

Organism

A living thing

Cell

building blocks of an organism, need energy to survive, need protein, oxygen, carbs, nucleaic acids and lipids to reproduce

Atom

building blocks of matter

Energy

the ability to do work

Metabolism

the chemical change in an organism

Reproduction

the production of offspring

Development

the process of growing and changing

Observation

a piece of information that you gather from learning about something

Data

the systematized information you gather from an observation

Hypothesis

a potential answer to a scientific question

Experiment

is used to prove the hypothesis

Independent variable

the thing being changed as a way of testing the hypothesis

Dependent variable

thing that is changed as a result of the independent variable

Constant

variable that has no change

Theory

an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time

Sharing results

publishing your findings to benefit others

Transgenic

when an organism has DNA added or removed to satisfy consumers

Living thing

must have metabolism and must be able to reproduce on its own

Antigen

protein or cell part used by the immune system for identification

Antibodies

immune proteins designed to detect antigens

Pathogen

disease causing agents such as microorganisms, another organism, virus, or proteins, enters the body through some type of exposure

Disease

body's normal activity is disrupted in a way that impairs its ability to maintain homeostasis, caused by microbes or pathogens; Ex: Cancer, Covid, Pnemonia

Infection

when an pathogen enters its host and multiplies inside of it

Symptom

body's response to a disease

Communicable Diseases

contagious infections, caused by germs; Ex: flu, AIDS, strep throat, Covid-19

Non-Communicable Diseases

not contagious, noninfectious; Ex: Cancer, diabetes

Virus

microscopic organism made of nucleic acid molecule and protein coating and cannot reproduce without a living cell host

Bacteria

unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but no organs and can sometimes cause disease

Fungi

pierce healthy cells and take nutrients, usually in warm and damp places

Protist/Protozoa

single celled organism; ex: malaria causing, brain-eating amoeba

Parasites

grow and feed on host, sometimes kill host, others drain body's resources

Prions

infection particles that consist of only a protein and have incoherently folded or unfolded protein; cause other proteins to fold incoherently; some can be inherited, others acquired

Archae

archaebacteria(extremophiles)

Bacteria

Eubacteria ("everyday" bacteria)

Eukayra

Protists (weirdos), Diontae, fungi, animalia

Prokaryotic cells

no nucleus, DNA, free floating (pro-NO)

Eukaryotic cells

have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Malaria

= disease, caused by \>> plasmodium. protist which are carried by mosquitoes

Covid-19

= coronavirus disease, caused by \>> a relatively new coronavirus or SARS

AIDS

= condition caused by \>> virus HIV

Vectors

anything that carries a pathogen and transmits it to healthy cells; Ex: insects, mosquitoes, arachnids, ticks

Food

pathogens can still be alive in uncooked or unclean food that we ingest; Ex: mad cow disease, salmonella, parasitic worms, and types of food poisoning

Direct contact

infected person/animal physically infects a healthy person; Ex: Rabies, HIV, HPV, mono

Indirect contact

when pathogens can survive on nonliving surfaces such as tables, door knobs, kitchen sponges, and soil find a way to get in the body before they die

Air

coughs or sneezes that release droplets with the pathogen, some purely airborne, meaning pathogen is lightweight and hearty enough to survive on air particles

Nutrients

the things that give a living thing energy, help an organism grow, reproduce, and live

ecology

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

biotic factor

living factors that influence an ecosystem

abiotic factor

nonliving factors that influence an ecosystem

biosphere

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

community

All the different populations that live together in an area

population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

climate

Overall weather in an area over a long period of time

weather

The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.

greenhouse effect

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

autotroph

"self energy source" producers

heterotroph

"different energy source" consumers

photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Chemosynthesis

process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

herbivores

Consumers that eat only plants

carnivores

Consumers that eat only animals

omnivores

eat both plants and animals

decomposers

Break down dead organic matter

detrivores

eat dead organic matter

scavengers

an organism that feeds on the dead bodies of other organisms.

food web

A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

food chain

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

trophic level

Each step in a food chain or food web

10% rule

Only 10% of the total energy produced at each trophic level is available to the next level. The amount of energy passed up to the levels of the food pyramid reduces as you go up.

limiting factors

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

carrying capacity

The largest population that an area can support

density dependent factors

limiting factor that depends on population size

density independent factors

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

intraspecific

competition between members of the same species

interspecific

competition between members of different species

logistic growth

Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth

competition

A common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific.

niche

An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.

competitive exclusion principle

Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time

habitat

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

symbiosis

any relationship between two organisms

commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

keystone species

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

primary succession

eradicates all original soil, does not look like old ecosystem

secondary succession

recovers quicker, soil stays in tact, probably looks identical to old ecosystem

pioneer species

First species to populate an area during primary succession

climax community

when an ecosystem becomes stable after succession

ecology

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment