Studied by 1 person
Ad hominem
Criticizing/discrediting an argument based on (assumptions about) the person saying it.
Argument from False Authority
Claiming that someone is right in their argument simply because they might know something about the topic, even if they aren't qualified in that instance.
Appeal to Ignorance
Asserting that if something hasn't been proven false, it must be true, and vice versa.
Begging the Question
Using circular logic that assumes false ideas are true to prove a point, returning to the original point in question.
Hasty Generalization
Forming a conclusion based on insufficient or partial evidence.
False Dichotomy
Presenting only two extreme options as the only possibilities, ignoring any middle ground.
Slippery Slope
Arguing that a small change will lead to a worst-case scenario.
Faulty Causality
Incorrectly establishing a cause/effect relationship without definitive proof.
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Drawing conclusions based on hypothetical situations that cannot be proven.
Straw Man Argument
Oversimplifying an argument to make it easier to attack.
Red Herring
Introducing a distraction to shift attention away from the main issue.
Sentimental Appeals
Manipulating emotions to persuade, often employing pity.
Scare Tactic
Using fear or threats to persuade readers.
Bandwagon
Encouraging agreement based on the popularity of a belief or action.
Snob Appeal/Plain Folk
Identifying with a specific demographic to suggest that people like them must know better.
Dogmatism
Assuming one is right because of one’s own authority.
Equivocation
Lying by omission or deliberately hiding the entire truth.
Faulty Analogy
Making misleading comparisons between two things.
Tu Quoque
Justifying errors in reasoning by pointing out similar errors by opponents.
Rationalization
Explaining controversial behaviors or feelings in a rational way to avoid facing the true explanation.
Guilt by Association
Unfairly attributing responsibility for beliefs or actions to someone based on their association with others.
