Abnormal Psychology: CH 13; E 4

schizophrenia

characterized by an array of diverse symptoms, including extreme oddities in perception, thinking, action, sense of self, and manner of relating to others.

psychosis

hallmark of schizophrenia; loss of contact with reality

démence précoce

mental deterioration at an early age

emil kraepelin

german physician best known for his careful description of what we now regard as schizophrenia.

split; mind

greek roots of schizo, meaning “____,” and phren, meaning “____”)

18-30

age of onset for schizophrenia

delusion

an erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence

to play

delusion comes from the Latin verb ludere, which means “____.”

content

a delusion involves a disturbance in the ____ of thought.

hallucination

sensory experience that seems real to the person having it, but occurs in the absence of any external perceptual stimulus

auditory; olfactory

most common hallucination; most uncommon hallucination

form

disorganized speech, on the other hand, is the external manifestation of a disorder in thought ____.

neologisms

catatonic stupor

virtual absence of all movement and speech

positive symptoms

reflect an excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior and experience, such as delusions and hallucinations.

negative symptoms

absence or deficit of behaviors that are normally present.

avolition

inability to initiate or persist in goal-directed activity

anhedonia

diminished ability to experience pleasure

schizoaffective disorder

an uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with schizophrenia.

schizophreniform disorder

schizophrenia-like psychoses that last at least a month but do not last for 6 months and so do not warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia

delusional disorder

hold beliefs that are considered false and absurd by those around them.

erotomania

theme of the delusion involves great love for a person, usually of higher status.

brief psychotic disorder

sudden onset of psychotic symptoms or disorganized speech or catatonic behavior; usually lasts for days

monozygotic

identical twins

dizygotic

fraternal twins

communication deviance

a measure of how understandable and “easy to follow” the speech of a family member is.

endophenotypes

discrete, stable, and measurable traits that are thought to be under genetic control

rhesus incompatibility

rh-negative mother carries an rh-positive fetus

motor

“preschizophrenia” children showed more ____ abnormalities including unusual hand movements than their healthy siblings; they also showed less positive facial emotion and more negative facial emotion

prodromal

very early, signs of schizophrenia

attenuated psychosis syndrome

characterized by mild psychotic symptoms that are not severe enough to meet clinical criteria for another full-blown psychotic disorder.

expressed emotion

a measure of the family environment that is based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a researcher; 3 main elements: criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement

2.75

children who had spent the first 15 years of their lives living in an urban environment were ____ times more likely to develop schizophrenia in adulthood than were children who had spent their childhoods in more rural settings

twice

people with schizophrenia are ____ as likely as people in the general population to smoke cannabis

15-25; 38

studies of clinical outcome show that ____ years after developing schizophrenia, around ____ percent of patients have a generally favorable outcome and can be thought of as being recovered

12; 1/3

for a minority of patients (around ____ percent), long-term institutionalization is necessary and around ___ of patients show continued signs of illness, usually with prominent negative symptoms.

1st generation antipsychotics

medications like chlorpromazine (thorazine) and haloperidol (haldol), which were among the first to be used to treat psychotic disorders.

1st

____-generation antipsychotics work best for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)

involuntary movement abnormalities (muscle spasms, rigidity, shaking)

tardive dyskinesia

marked involuntary movements of the lips and tongue (and sometimes the hands and neck)

case managers

____ are people who help patients find the services they need in order to function in the community.

psychoeducation

educating patients about the illness and its treatment

functional outcome

how well patients do in their everyday lives

exercise

a good 'treatment' for schizophrenia

loosening of associations

most common type of disorganized speech; moving from topic to topic

grandiose delusion

belief one possess some grand or unique talent, ability, beauty, power (cult-leader)

jealous delusion

belief one's partner is unfaithful

persecutory delusion

belief one is treated extremely unfairly

somatic delusion

belief one is infected with a disease

delusional disorder

which disorder is most likely to be dangerous to others?

28; 6

schizophrenia concordance for identitcal twins is ___%; schizophrenia concordance for fraternal/siblings is ____%

concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100%

if schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder...

2x

high expressed emotion ___x chance of relapse

darker

immigrants with ___ skin have a higher risk of schizophrenia

6

adolescent men using cannabis are ___x more likely to develop schizophrenia

blacks

____ are at high risk for side effects of major tranquilizers

earlier patient receives meds, the better they do over the long run

what is true about antipsychotic meds?

favorable outcomes

social and occupational functioning/ no prior psychiatric history/ abrupt onset/ onset precipitated by external stressor/ onset in midlife/ high SES/ family history of mood disorders

slow onset

what is not a favorable outcome for schizophrenia

psychoeducation

people with schizophrenia who receive ___ are less likely to relapse than those receiving standard treatment only

10%

Lorilee just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

Cognitive remediation training

What type of training places an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

neologism

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a(n) __________.

a man with schizophrenia

Who is most likely to have the lowest life expectancy based on their gender and diagnosis?

a group of conditions that all seemed to feature mental deterioration beginning early in life

Emil Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox" referred to __________.

Sam, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing

Both of Monica's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Sam has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia, and why?

Dry cleaner

Which of the following occupations places individuals at greater risk for developing schizophrenia?