EUROPEAN HISTORY MIDTERM SET TWO

Anabaptists

Generally favored the abolition of baptism, but this option is incorrect.

Dissolution of English Monasteries

Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth.

Witchcraft Execution (16th-17th century)

Between 40,000 and 60,000 people were executed for witchcraft in Europe.

Reformation in England

Primarily a result of the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.

Disagreement between Luther and Zwingli

The Eucharist.

Pilgrimage of Grace

Attested to popular opposition in northern England to Henry VIII's reformation.

Catholic Reformation

Sought to stimulate a new spiritual fervor, begun before 1517.

Elizabeth I's Religious Policy

A middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Laid out the core elements of Calvin's theology.

Quakers' Origins

Trace partly to the Anabaptists.

Tridentine Decree Tametsi

Marriage must be witnessed by a priest to be valid.

France's Support for Protestant Princes

Prevent Charles V from increasing his power.

Factors shaping the Reformation in Eastern Europe

Ethnic factors proved decisive.

Overriding goal of Catholic religious orders in 16th century

Combat heresy and Protestantism.

New religious order for women in the 16th century

The Ursuline Order.

Ottomans' victory in Hungary

The victory at Mohács led to a great advance of Protestantism.

Control of spice trade in Indian Ocean

Controlled by Muslims before the Portuguese.

European kingdom of overseas exploration

Portugal took the lead.

Financial capital of Europe at the end of the 16th century

Amsterdam.

Dutch East India Company's actions in 17th century

Took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.

Primary motivation for European explorers

Material profit.

Beneficiaries of price increases in 16th century

The middle class.

Key port city in Indian Ocean trade

Malacca on the South China Sea.

Women in Southeast Asia

Enjoyed relatively high autonomy.

Mongol emperors' role

Opened China to trade with the West.

Admiral Zheng He's voyages

Sent by the Chinese emperor between 1405 and 1433.

Origin of Buddhism

Buddhism originated in India.

Control of Egypt in 15th century

Controlled by the Mamelukes.

Source of most gold arriving in Europe in 15th century

West Africa.

Charles V's abdication's outcome for Philip

Received all except Austria.

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage significance

Highlights links between West Africa and the Muslim world.

Two rival Islamic empires in the Middle East in 15th century

Ottoman and Persian Safavid empires.

Use of astrolabe

Determined the altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies.

Support for Portuguese expansion

Provided by Prince Henry.

Alexander Farnese's strategy

Patient siege against the rebellious cities of the Low Countries.

Control of African gold flow by 1500

Controlled by Portugal.

Vasco da Gama's journey in 1497

Sailed around Africa to Calicut in India.

Columbus's belief at death

Thought islands found were off the coast of Asia.

Significant changes from Columbian voyages

Biosocial changes.

Location of first African slaves by Portuguese

Brazil.

Treaty of Tordesillas division

Divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal.

Magellan's fame

Best known for circumnavigating the globe.

Cultivation tied to African slave importation

Sugar cultivation.

Montaigne's invention

The essay.

Caravel

A three-masted sailing vessel developed in Portugal.

European attitude toward blacks

Derived from Christian theology and Arab ideas.

Montaigne's contributions

Inventor of the essay.

Shakespeare's history plays

Exalt the English nation.

Authorized Version of the Bible's purpose

Reflect Anglicans and Puritans' unity efforts.

Juan de Pareja's identity

A painter.

Weaknesses of French financial system under Louis XIV

All except lack of direction under Colbert.

Outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht

Did not give Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands.

Spanish territories in the New World

Divided into four viceroyalties.

Political power in the Dutch republic

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants.

Spanish crown's right to quinto

Right to one-fifth of precious metals mined.

Corregidores' powers in Portuguese Brazil

Held judicial and military powers.

Recruitment for French intendants

Almost always recruited from new judicial nobility.

Baroque style's flourishing context

Catholic Reformation.

Guiding force of Richelieu's policies

Subordination of groups to the monarchy.

English Navigation Act of 1651

Required English goods to be transported on English ships.

Purpose of the Edict of Nantes

Promote temporary religious and civil concord.

Hobbes's view on rulers

Held that the ruler's power was absolute.

Struggle center between French crown and Huguenots in 1627

La Rochelle.

Best Baroque painter

Peter Paul Rubens.

Mercantilist theory's view on government

Governments should intervene for limited resources.

Spark of the English Glorious Revolution

Fear of a Catholic dynasty by James II.

Colbert's economic contributions

Did not include creating a national bank.

France in 1685

Strongest and most centralized state.

Instrument of Dutch overseas imperialism

Dutch East India Company.

Winners of War of the Spanish Succession

England gained the most.

Typical French classicism subject matter

Associated with the Greco-Roman past.

Political life at Versailles

Dominated by the patronage system.

Official recognition in 1635

French Academy was recognized by Cardinal Richelieu.

French army increase from 1635 to 1659

Increased by approximately five times.

Paulette introduced by Henry IV

Annual fee for royal officials guaranteeing heredity.

Jean Racine's plays' influence

Based on Greek and Roman legends.

Spanish military power's collapse

Symbolized by defeat at Rocroi and Treaty of the Pyrenees.

Molière's notable plays

Includes Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.

Limitation of government by law

Constitutionalism.

French foreign policy under Richelieu

Focused on preventing Habsburg unification.

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate description

Best described as a military dictatorship.

Economic crisis in France (1688-1694) causes

All except typhoid epidemic.

Landlords in Eastern Europe response to issues

Gained control over peasants using political power.

Ottomans' base for conquests

Settled in Anatolia.

Eastern European towns' challenges

Undermined by nobles selling directly to foreign capitalists.

1618 Bohemian nobility revolt outcome

Replacement of native nobility with pro-Habsburg nobles.

Ottoman expansion halt

Halted by failed siege of Vienna.

Habsburgs' actions post-Vienna siege (1683)

Conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania.

Christian slaves in Ottoman army

Formed the janissary corps.

Ottomans' division of subjects

Divided into religious communities called millets.

Battle of White Mountain (1620) outcome

Habsburgs crushed a Protestant rights rebellion.

Autonomous self-government in Ottoman Empire

Each millet enjoyed autonomous self-government.

Pragmatic Sanction by Charles VI (1713)

Stated Habsburg lands were never to be divided.

Ottoman Empire identity

An explicitly Islamic state.

Frederick William the Great Elector's accomplishments

All except abolition of serfdom.

Charles XII's victory over Peter the Great

At the Battle of Narva.

Defenestration of Prague event

Agents thrown out a window.

Sultan's bureaucratic ranks

Filled with slaves from Christian Balkans.

Suleiman the Magnificent's death impact

Led to palace intrigue in Ottoman rule.

Frederick William I's legacy

Molded the most militaristic country of modern times.