EUROPEAN HISTORY MIDTERM SET TWO

101. Anabaptists generally favored all of the following except:

E) abolition of baptism.

102. The dissolution of the English monasteries:

A) resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth.

103. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, between __________ people were executed for witchcraft in Europe:

B) 40,000 and 60,000.

104. The Reformation in England was primarily the result of:

A) the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.

105. Luther and Zwingli disagreed on which of the following issues?

E) The Eucharist.

106. The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to:

C) popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation.

107. The Catholic Reformation, begun before 1517:

D) sought to stimulate a new spiritual fervor.

108. In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that:

C) was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.

109. ________'s Institutes of the Christian Religion laid out the core elements of his theology:

B) Calvin.

110. The Quakers trace their origins, in part, to:

A) the Anabaptists.

111. The Tridentine decree Tametsi stipulated that:

A) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest.

112. France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to:

E) prevent Charles V from increasing his power.

113. _________ factors proved decisive in shaping the course of the Reformation in eastern Europe:

E) Ethnic.

114. The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was:

C) to combat heresy and Protestantism.

115. A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the:

A) Ursuline Order.

116. The victory of the Ottomans over the Hungarians on the plain of __________ led to a great advance of Protestantism in Hungary:

B) Mohács.

117. Before the Portuguese gained control of the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the trade had been controlled by the:

A) Muslims.

118. The European kingdom that took the lead in overseas exploration was:

A) Portugal.

119. At the end of the sixteenth century, the financial capital of the European world was:

D) Amsterdam.

120. In the seventeenth century, the Dutch East India Company:

E) took over much of the East Indies from Portugal.

121. The primary motivation for European explorers was:

A) material profit.

122. The group of people who benefited the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century was the:

D) middle class.

123. The port city of __________ on the South China Sea played a key role in the fifteenth-century Indian Ocean trade:

E) Malacca.

124. Women in Southeast Asia:

A) enjoyed relatively high autonomy.

125. The ___________ emperors opened China to trade with the West:

B) Mongol.

126. The Chinese emperor sent Admiral ______________ on seven voyages to the West between 1405 and 1433:

C) Zheng He.

127. Buddhism originated in:

B) India.

128. In the fifteenth century, the ____________ controlled Egypt:

C) Mamelukes.

129. Most of the gold that reached Europe in the fifteenth century came from:

C) West Africa.

130. When Charles V abdicated, his son Philip received all of the following except:

B) Austria.

131. Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 underscores the links between ________ and the Muslim world during this period:

A) West Africa.

132. In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East, the Turkish Ottomans and the:

D) Persian Safavids.

133. The __________ was used to determine the altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies:

E) astrolabe.

134. Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by Prince:

A) Henry.

135. Alexander Farnese's strategy against the rebellious cities of the Low Countries was:

A) patient siege.

136. By 1500, ___________ controlled the flow of African gold to Europe:

D) Portugal.

137. In 1497, _____________ sailed around Africa and across the Arabian Sea to Calicut in India:

D) Vasco da Gama.

138. At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were:

E) off the coast of Asia.

139. The most significant changes brought about by the Columbian voyages were:

A) biosocial in nature.

140. The Portuguese brought the first African slaves to:

A) Brazil.

141. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the non-European world between:

B) Spain and Portugal.

142. Magellan is best known for:

E) circumnavigating the globe.

143. The importation of African slaves to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was most closely tied to the cultivation of:

A) sugar.

144. Montaigne is credited with inventing the:

B) essay.

145. The caravel was:

D) a three-masted sailing vessel developed in Portugal.

146. The European attitude toward blacks derived from Christian theological speculation and:

B) Arab ideas about Africans.

147. Michel de Montaigne invented the:

E) essay.

148. Shakespeare's history plays, such as Richard II:

A) exalt the English nation.

149. The Authorized Version of the Bible reflected the efforts of the Anglicans and Puritans to:

B) unite their churches.

150. Juan de Pareja was a/an:

A) painter.

151. The French financial system under Louis XIV had all of the following weaknesses except:

• E) lack of direction in state financial and economic policy under the incompetent Colbert.

152. Which of the following was not one of the outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht?

• A) It gave the Dutch control over the former Spanish Netherlands.

153. Spanish territories in the New World were divided into four:

• C) viceroyalties.

154. Political power in the Dutch republic was:

• B) controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants.

155. The Spanish crown claimed the quinto:

• E) the right to one-fifth of all precious metals mined in South America.

156. Corregidores held judicial and military powers in Portuguese:

• D) Brazil.

157. French intendants were almost always recruited from the:

• B) new, judicial nobility.

158. The Baroque style flourished in the context of the:

• E) Catholic Reformation.

159. The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was:

• C) the subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy.

160. The English Navigation Act of 1651:

• E) required that English goods be transported on English ships.

161. The Edict of Nantes was intended to:

• E) promote temporary religious and civil concord.

162. The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that:

• E) the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.

163. The center of the struggle between the French crown and the Huguenots in 1627 was:

• B) La Rochelle.

164. __________ was the best and most important of the Baroque painters.

• A) Peter Paul Rubens.

165. Mercantilist theory postulated that:

• C) government should intervene to secure the largest share of limited resources.

166. The spark that caused the English Glorious Revolution was the:

• B) fear of a Catholic dynasty being established by James II.

167. Colbert's contributions to the economy of France included all of the following except:

• A) creating a national bank.

168. In 1685, _____________ was the strongest and most highly centralized state in Europe.

• C) France.

169. The primary instrument of Dutch overseas imperialism was the:

• B) Dutch East India Company.

170. The state that gained the most from the War of the Spanish Succession was:

• D) England.

171. Typically, French classicism:

• B) presented subject matter associated with the Greco-Roman past.

172. The __________ system dominated political life at Versailles:

• E) patronage.

173. In 1635, Cardinal Richelieu gave official recognition to the:

• A) French Academy.

174. Between 1635 and 1659, the French army increased by approximately how many times?

• B) Five.

175. The paulette, introduced by Henry IV, was:

• A) an annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in their offices.

176. Jean Racine's plays were based on:

• D) Greek and Roman legends.

177. The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of:

• C) the Pyrenees.

178. ___________'s plays include Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.

• B) Molière.

179. ____________ is the limitation of government by law.

• D) Constitutionalism.

180. French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the:

• A) prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France.

181. Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a:

• D) military dictatorship.

182. Starvation and economic crisis in France in 1688–1694 were caused by all of the following except:

• C) a typhoid epidemic.

183. In response to the problems of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landlords of Eastern Europe:

• B) used political power to gain control of the peasants.

184. The Ottomans settled in ___________ and used it as their base for further conquests.

• D) Anatolia.

185. The importance and liberty of Eastern European towns were undermined, in large part, by:

• A) nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists.

186. As a result of the revolt by the Bohemian nobility in 1618:

• C) much of the native Bohemian nobility was replaced with nobles loyal to the Habsburgs.

187. The Ottoman's European expansion was halted with a failed siege of:

• E) Vienna.

188. In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs:

• D) conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania.

189. Christian slaves, forced into the Ottoman army, formed the:

• A) janissary corps.

190. The Ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities known as:

• C) millets.

191. At the Battle of White Mountain (1620):

• E) the Habsburgs crushed a rebellion of the Bohemian noble Estates in defense of Protestant rights.

192. Each nation or ________ in the Ottoman Empire enjoyed autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.

• B) millet.

193. The Pragmatic Sanction issued by Charles VI in 1713:

• C) stated that Habsburg lands were never to be divided.

194. The Ottoman Empire was:

• C) an explicitly Islamic state.

195. The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following except:

• E) the abolition of serfdom.

196. Charles XII of Sweden scored a major victory over Peter the Great at the Battle of:

• B) Narva.

197. In the "defenestration of Prague," agents of the Catholic king of Bohemia were:

• B) thrown out a window.

198. The sultan of the Ottoman Empire filled the top ranks of his bureaucracy with:

• C) slaves, many of them taken from the Christian Balkans as boys and converted to Islam.

199. After the death of ____________ in 1566, Ottoman monarchial absolutism gave way to palace intrigue.

• D) Suleiman the Magnificent.

200. The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was:

• E) molding the most militaristic country of modern times.