________: Process of thinking, gaining knowledge, and dealing with knowledge.
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Availability heuristic
________: Mental shortcut that relies on how quickly examples come to mind when evaluating a topic or making a decision.
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Grammar
________: A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing.
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Heuristic
________: Shortcut or rule of thumb for finding a solution to a problem.
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Originality
________: How novel or unusual your ideas are.
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Hot cognition
________: Thinking that is driven by emotions.
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Concept
________: Mental category for classifying things based on common features or properties.
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Insight
________: A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious.
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Morphemes
________: Smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words.
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Bilingualism
________: The ability to speak two languages.
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Logical thought
________: Drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning.
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Syntax
________: Rules for ordering words when forming sentences.
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Incubation
________: Problem- solving on a subconscious level.
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Semantics
________: The study of meanings in words and language.
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visual depiction
Mental images: Mental picture or ________ used in memory and thinking.
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Linguistic relativity
________ hypothesis: The idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well.
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Fluency
________: In tests of creativity, ________ refers to the total number of solutions produced.
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Automatic processing
________: Sometimes lead to irrational choices.
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Representativeness
________ heuristic: Mental shortcut of judging if something belongs in a given class based on similarity to other members.
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Orientation
________: Defining the problems and important dimensions.
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Flexibility
________: In tests of creativity, ________ is indicated by how many different types of solutions are produced.
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Functional fixedness
________: Tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use.
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Concept Formation
________: Process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
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Choice overload
________: Difficulty making a decision in the face of many alternatives.
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Animal language
________: cries, gestures, mating calls.
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Kahneman
________ and Tverskys behavioral economics: Developed four common errors in decision- making: Framing, availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, and base rate.
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Intuition
________: Quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning.
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Language
________: Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication.
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Phonemes
________: Basic speech sounds of a language.
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Verification
________: Test and critically evaluate the solution.
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ASL
________: Spatial grammar, syntax, semantics.
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Creativity
________: Ability to combine mental elements in new and useful ways.
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Illumination
________: Rapid insight (lightbulb moment)
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Random Search Strategy
________: Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random over.
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Experimental processing
________: Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic.
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Prototype
________: An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept.
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Preparation
________: Gather information on the specific problem.
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Algorithmic solution
________: A problem solution achieved by following a series of step- by- step rules.
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active discovery of problems
Problem finding: The ________ to be solved.
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Thin slicing
________: Quickly making sense of thin slivers of experiences.
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Subtractive Bilingualism
________: Eliminating a second language.
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Additive Bilingualism
________: Learning a second language.
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Selective Comparison
________: Ability to compare new problems with old information.
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Selective Encoding
________: Selecting information that is relevant to a problem.
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Faulty Concepts
________: Do not always accurately reflect reality.
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Originality
________: In tests of creativity: ________ refers to how novel or unusual solutions are.
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Fluency
________: The total number of suggestions you can make.
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Flexibility
________: The number of times you shift between potential uses.
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Cognition
Process of thinking, gaining knowledge, and dealing with knowledge
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Experimental processing
Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic
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Reflective processing
Thought that is active effortful, and controlled
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Mental images
Mental picture or visual depiction used in memory and thinking
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Concept
Mental category for classifying things based on common features or properties
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Concept Formation
Process of classifying information into meaningful categories
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Prototype
An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept
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Faulty Concepts
Do not always accurately reflect reality
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Language
Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication
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Phonemes
Basic speech sounds of a language
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Morphemes
Smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words
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Grammar
A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing
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Syntax
Rules for ordering words when forming sentences
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Transformation rules
Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other choices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth)
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Semantics
The study of meanings in words and language
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Denotative meaning
The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; its objective meaning
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Connotative meaning
The subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept
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ASL
Spatial grammar, syntax, semantics
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Animal language
cries, gestures, mating calls
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Linguistic relativity hypothesis
The idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well
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Bilingualism
The ability to speak two languages
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Subtractive Bilingualism
Eliminating a second language
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Additive Bilingualism
Learning a second language
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Algorithmic solution
A problem solution achieved by following a series of step-by-step rules
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Logical thought
Drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning
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Inductive thought
Thinking in which a general rule or principle is gathered from a series of specific examples; for instance, inferring the laws of gravity by observing many falling objects
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Deductive thought
Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations; for example, using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object
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Understanding (in problem solving)
A deeper comprehension of the nature of a problem
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General solution
A solution that correctly states the requirements for success, but not in enough detail for further action
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Functional solution
A detailed, practical, and workable solution
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Heuristic
Shortcut or rule of thumb for finding a solution to a problem
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Random Search Strategy
Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random over
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Insight
A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious
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Selective Encoding
Selecting information that is relevant to a problem
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Selective Combination
Bringing together seemingly unrelated bits of useful information
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Selective Comparison
Ability to compare new problems with old information
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Fixation (in problem solving)
The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives
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Functional fixedness
Tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use
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Intuition
Quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning
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Thin-slicing
Quickly making sense of thin slivers of experiences
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Hot cognition
Thinking that is driven by emotions
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Automatic processing
Sometimes lead to irrational choices
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Behavioral economics
A branch of economics that applies psychology to the study of economic decision-making
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Framing
In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured
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Availability heuristic
Mental shortcut that relies on how quickly examples come to mind when evaluating a topic or making a decision
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Representativeness heuristic
Mental shortcut of judging if something belongs in a given class based on similarity to other members
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Base rate
The basic rate at which an event occurs over time; the basic probability of an event
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Choice overload
Difficulty making a decision in the face of many alternatives
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Creativity
Ability to combine mental elements in new and useful ways
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Convergent thinking
Thinking directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer
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Divergent thinking
Many possibilities are developed from one starting point
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Flashcard (66)