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Cognition
________: Process of thinking, gaining knowledge, and dealing with knowledge.
Availability heuristic
________: Mental shortcut that relies on how quickly examples come to mind when evaluating a topic or making a decision.
Grammar
________: A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing.
Heuristic
________: Shortcut or rule of thumb for finding a solution to a problem.
Originality
________: How novel or unusual your ideas are.
Hot cognition
________: Thinking that is driven by emotions.
Concept
________: Mental category for classifying things based on common features or properties.
Insight
________: A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious.
Morphemes
________: Smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words.
Bilingualism
________: The ability to speak two languages.
Logical thought
________: Drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning.
Syntax
________: Rules for ordering words when forming sentences.
Incubation
________: Problem- solving on a subconscious level.
Semantics
________: The study of meanings in words and language.
visual depiction
Mental images: Mental picture or ________ used in memory and thinking.
Linguistic relativity
________ hypothesis: The idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well.
Fluency
________: In tests of creativity, ________ refers to the total number of solutions produced.
Automatic processing
________: Sometimes lead to irrational choices.
Representativeness
________ heuristic: Mental shortcut of judging if something belongs in a given class based on similarity to other members.
Orientation
________: Defining the problems and important dimensions.
Flexibility
________: In tests of creativity, ________ is indicated by how many different types of solutions are produced.
Functional fixedness
________: Tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use.
Concept Formation
________: Process of classifying information into meaningful categories.
Choice overload
________: Difficulty making a decision in the face of many alternatives.
Animal language
________: cries, gestures, mating calls.
Kahneman
________ and Tverskys behavioral economics: Developed four common errors in decision- making: Framing, availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic, and base rate.
Intuition
________: Quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning.
Language
________: Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication.
Phonemes
________: Basic speech sounds of a language.
Verification
________: Test and critically evaluate the solution.
ASL
________: Spatial grammar, syntax, semantics.
Creativity
________: Ability to combine mental elements in new and useful ways.
Illumination
________: Rapid insight (lightbulb moment)
Random Search Strategy
________: Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random over.
Experimental processing
________: Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic.
Prototype
________: An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept.
Preparation
________: Gather information on the specific problem.
Algorithmic solution
________: A problem solution achieved by following a series of step- by- step rules.
active discovery of problems
Problem finding: The ________ to be solved.
Thin slicing
________: Quickly making sense of thin slivers of experiences.
Subtractive Bilingualism
________: Eliminating a second language.
Additive Bilingualism
________: Learning a second language.
Selective Comparison
________: Ability to compare new problems with old information.
Selective Encoding
________: Selecting information that is relevant to a problem.
Faulty Concepts
________: Do not always accurately reflect reality.
Originality
________: In tests of creativity: ________ refers to how novel or unusual solutions are.
Fluency
________: The total number of suggestions you can make.
Flexibility
________: The number of times you shift between potential uses.
Cognition
Process of thinking, gaining knowledge, and dealing with knowledge
Experimental processing
Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic
Reflective processing
Thought that is active effortful, and controlled
Mental images
Mental picture or visual depiction used in memory and thinking
Concept
Mental category for classifying things based on common features or properties
Concept Formation
Process of classifying information into meaningful categories
Prototype
An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept
Faulty Concepts
Do not always accurately reflect reality
Language
Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication
Phonemes
Basic speech sounds of a language
Morphemes
Smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words
Grammar
A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing
Syntax
Rules for ordering words when forming sentences
Transformation rules
Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other choices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth)
Semantics
The study of meanings in words and language
Denotative meaning
The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; its objective meaning
Connotative meaning
The subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept
ASL
Spatial grammar, syntax, semantics
Animal language
cries, gestures, mating calls
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
The idea that the words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well
Bilingualism
The ability to speak two languages
Subtractive Bilingualism
Eliminating a second language
Additive Bilingualism
Learning a second language
Algorithmic solution
A problem solution achieved by following a series of step-by-step rules
Logical thought
Drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning
Inductive thought
Thinking in which a general rule or principle is gathered from a series of specific examples; for instance, inferring the laws of gravity by observing many falling objects
Deductive thought
Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations; for example, using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object
Understanding (in problem solving)
A deeper comprehension of the nature of a problem
General solution
A solution that correctly states the requirements for success, but not in enough detail for further action
Functional solution
A detailed, practical, and workable solution
Heuristic
Shortcut or rule of thumb for finding a solution to a problem
Random Search Strategy
Trying possible solutions to a problem in a more or less random over
Insight
A sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious
Selective Encoding
Selecting information that is relevant to a problem
Selective Combination
Bringing together seemingly unrelated bits of useful information
Selective Comparison
Ability to compare new problems with old information
Fixation (in problem solving)
The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives
Functional fixedness
Tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use
Intuition
Quick, impulsive thought that does not use formal logic or clear reasoning
Thin-slicing
Quickly making sense of thin slivers of experiences
Hot cognition
Thinking that is driven by emotions
Automatic processing
Sometimes lead to irrational choices
Behavioral economics
A branch of economics that applies psychology to the study of economic decision-making
Framing
In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured
Availability heuristic
Mental shortcut that relies on how quickly examples come to mind when evaluating a topic or making a decision
Representativeness heuristic
Mental shortcut of judging if something belongs in a given class based on similarity to other members
Base rate
The basic rate at which an event occurs over time; the basic probability of an event
Choice overload
Difficulty making a decision in the face of many alternatives
Creativity
Ability to combine mental elements in new and useful ways
Convergent thinking
Thinking directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer
Divergent thinking
Many possibilities are developed from one starting point
Fluency
The total number of suggestions you can make
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