Philosophical Perspectives of the Self

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to philosophical perspectives on the self as discussed by various philosophers.

Soul

According to Socrates, the soul is the self because it is immortal, constant, and has the ability to understand.

Eudaimonia

A term in Plato's philosophy translating to 'happiness' or 'flourishing', achieved by cultivating the rational soul.

Bundle Theory

David Hume's concept that rejects the idea of a substantial and unchanging self, proposing that the self is a collection of perceptions and experiences.

Methodical Doubt

Descarte's strategy of doubting everything to find a certain truth, leading to the conclusion of existence as a 'thinking being'.

Mind-Body Dualism

Descartes' theory positing that the mind and body are two fundamentally distinct substances that exist independently of each other.

Rational Soul

In Plato's philosophy, the part of the soul capable of reason, understanding, and knowledge.

Impressions vs. Ideas

According to Hume, impressions are vivid perceptions whereas ideas are less vivid and derived from impressions.

Self-Knowledge

Socrates believes that wisdom begins with self-awareness or self-knowledge.

The Goal of Life (Socrates)

To care for the soul by knowing ourselves, living in accordance with virtue, and achieving wisdom.

Three Parts of the Soul (Plato)

Rational, spirited, and appetitive; each part has distinct roles in the functioning of the self.