2) Viral, Fungal and Protist diseases

How is measles transmitted, and what are its main symptoms?

Measles is spread by droplets from coughs or sneezes and causes a red skin rash and fever.

What complications can arise from measles if untreated?

Measles can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis, which can be serious or even fatal.

How is HIV transmitted and initially treated?

HIV is spread through sexual contact or sharing needles, and it can be managed with antiretroviral drugs.

What happens when HIV progresses to AIDS?

The immune system is severely damaged, making the body vulnerable to infections and cancers.

What effect does Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) have on plants?

TMV causes discolored mosaic patterns on leaves, reducing photosynthesis and stunting growth.

Describe the symptoms and spread of Rose Black Spot in plants.

It causes black or purple spots on leaves, which turn yellow and drop, spreading via water or wind.

How can gardeners treat rose plants infected with Rose Black Spot?

By using fungicides and removing and destroying affected leaves to prevent spreading.

What role do mosquitoes play in spreading malaria?

They are vectors that transmit the malarial protist into the bloodstream of animals they bite.

What are common symptoms of malaria, and how can its spread be reduced?

Malaria causes recurring fever, and spread can be reduced by using insecticides, mosquito nets, and controlling mosquito breeding.

Why is vaccination important in preventing viral diseases like measles?

Vaccination helps prevent infection and protects against severe complications.