2) Viral, Fungal and Protist diseases

Viral Diseases

1. Measles:

   • Spread by droplets from coughs or sneezes.

   • Symptoms: red skin rash, fever.

   • Can lead to serious complications like pneumonia or brain inflammation (encephalitis).

   • Vaccination is common in young children to prevent measles.

2. HIV:

   • Spread through sexual contact or blood exchange, such as sharing needles.

   • Initially causes flu-like symptoms, then may show no symptoms for years.

   • Controlled with antiretroviral drugs to prevent replication.

   • Weakens the immune system; can develop into AIDS in late stages.

3. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):

   • Affects plants like tomatoes.

   • Causes a mosaic pattern and discoloration on leaves.

   • Discoloration reduces photosynthesis, impacting growth.

Fungal Disease

• Rose Black Spot:

  • Appears as purple or black spots on rose leaves, causing them to yellow and drop.

  • Reduces photosynthesis, slowing growth.

  • Spreads via water or wind.

  • Treated with fungicides and removal of affected leaves.

Protist Disease

• Malaria:

  • Caused by a protist, transmitted by mosquitoes.

  • Mosquitoes act as vectors, inserting the protist into the bloodstream.

  • Symptoms: recurring fevers.

  • Prevention includes insecticides in water breeding grounds, mosquito nets, and reducing mosquito breeding areas.