15- The relativistic Doppler effect

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6 Terms

1
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What is the classical Doppler effect equation for sound?

  • fR​ is the received frequency

  • fS is the source frequency

  • Vair is the speed of sound in air

  • VR​, VS​ are the velocities of the receiver and source relative to the air.

<ul><li><p>f<sub>R</sub>​ is the received frequency</p></li><li><p>f<sub>S</sub> is the source frequency</p></li><li><p>V<sub>air</sub> is the speed of sound in air</p></li><li><p>V<sub>R​</sub>, V<sub>S</sub>​ are the velocities of the receiver and source relative to the air.</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Why doesn’t the classical Doppler effect apply to light?

  • Light does not need a medium to propagate, so there is no absolute reference like air.

  • Instead, special relativity governs the frequency shift.

3
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What is the transverse Doppler shift?

It is the frequency shift observed when a light source moves perpendicularly to the observer's line of sight, caused by time dilation.

4
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How does the transverse Doppler shift differ from the normal Doppler effect?

  • In the normal Doppler effect, frequency changes due to relative motion along the line of sight.

  • In the transverse Doppler shift, the change is due to time dilation alone.

5
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What is the equation for the transverse Doppler shift?

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6
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What happens to the frequency observed in the transverse Doppler shift?

The observed frequency is lower than the source frequency due to time dilation.